RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article
T1 Analytical methodologies for the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge: A critical review
A1 Pérez Lemus, Nereida
A1 López Serna, Rebeca
A1 Pérez Elvira, Sara Isabel
A1 Barrado Esteban, Enrique
K1 PPCPs Sewage sludge Sample pretreatment Gas chromatography Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry
AB Several analytical approaches have been developed for the determination of emerging pollutants (EPs),including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in environmental matrices. This paperreviews the sample preparation and instrumental methods proposed in the last few years (2012e2018)to assess PPCPs in sewage sludge. Three main steps are examined: extraction, clean-up and analysis.Sample preparation is critical as target compounds are normally found at low concentrations in complexmatrices. Most procedures include sewage sludge pretreatment mostly through ultrasound-assistedextraction (UAE) although other novel techniques such as QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective,Rugged and Safe) or MSPD (matrix solid-phase dispersion) have been also employed. In one report, nodifferences in extraction efficiency were detected among the most commonly used extraction techniquessuch as ultrasound, microwave and pressurized liquid. Clean-up usually involves a conventional methodsuch as solid phase extraction (SPE). This step is needed to appreciably reduce matrix suppression, and is followed by an instrumental analysis using techniques of preference such as gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), mostly coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). A fully automated on-line system that includes extraction, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry in one-stage ishere presented as a novel way of determining PPCPs in sewage sludge. This review also discusses theadvantages and limitations of the different techniques used. Miniaturizing analytical techniques  use of novel solid and liquid phase materials are emerging as efficient options that fulfill the principles ofso-called "green chemistry".
PB Elsevier
SN 0003-2670
YR 2019
FD 2019
LK http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/38728
UL http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/38728
LA eng
NO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 1083 (2019) 19-40
NO Producción Científica
DS UVaDOC
RD 26-abr-2024