RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Evaluation and validation of forest models: Insight from Mediterranean and scots pine models in Spain A1 Vázquez Veloso, Aitor A1 Pando Fernández, Valentín A1 Ordoñez, C. A1 Bravo Oviedo, Felipe K1 Gestión forestal K1 Bosques y silvicultura K1 Survival K1 Growth K1 Modelling K1 Supervivencia K1 Crecimiento K1 Modelado K1 3106 Ciencia Forestal AB Forest models predict tree and stand evolution under different scenarios, thereby supporting decision-making in forest management. Models are complex structures composed of sub-models that estimate forest variables at tree and stand levels. Prediction accuracy has generally been evaluated independently of the model. Integrated sub-models make forest models easier to use and provide predictions for growth, survival, ingrowth and many other tree and stand variables with reduced effort. However, while individual submodel validation is widely practiced and normally done by each author individually, joint model validation remains less explored. This study deploys a useful methodology for evaluating and validating models. After comparing observed and predicted data, several case studies were then proposed to improve the accuracy of the joint model. We used the IBERO model, data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory and the SIMANFOR simulator platform. The accuracy of growth submodels was improved by calibrating their equations, though accuracy was not improved in survival and ingrowth submodels. PB Elsevier SN 1574-9541 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/61223 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/61223 LA eng NO Ecological Informatics, 2023, vol. 77, 102246 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 22-may-2024