Dpto. Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales - Artículos de revista https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/1396 2026-04-10T20:29:19Z 2026-04-10T20:29:19Z Rodriguez-Puerta, Francisco Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael Ameztegui, Aitor Álvarez, Susana https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83960 2026-04-08T19:14:29Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tras casi dos siglos de ingeniería forestal en España, pilar de la gestión y conservación de los recursos naturales, la educación forestal necesita adaptarse de forma urgente a la era actual de inteligencia artificial y avances tecnológicos.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodríguez-Puerta, Francisco https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83959 2026-04-08T19:14:28Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

En un mundo en constante evolución, donde los desafíos ambientales y económicos están cada vez más vinculados, el sector forestal se encuentra en la necesidad de innovar. A pesar de que se ha percibido anclado en prácticas tradicionales, hoy se encuentra en plena transformación, impulsada por la innovación. Como ejemplo de ello, la selvicultu- ra no solo desempeña un papel fundamental en la economía global, proporcionando materias primas y sosteniendo millones de empleos, sino que tam- bién es crucial en la adaptación al cambio climático, la conservación de la

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Blázquez-Casado, Ángela Calama, Rafael Valbuena, Manuel Vergarechea, Marta Rodríguez, Francisco https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83958 2026-04-08T19:14:26Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Context The discrimination of tree species at individual level in mixed Mediterranean forest based on remote sensing is a field which has gained greater importance. In these stands, the capacity to predict the quality and quantity of non-wood forest products is particularly important due to the very different goods the two species produce. Aims To assess the potential of using low-density airborne LiDAR data combined with high-resolution Pleiades images to discriminate two different pine species in mixed Mediterranean forest (Pinus pinea L. and Pinus pinaster Ait.) at individual tree level. Methods A Random Forest model was trained using plots from the pure stand dataset, determining which LiDAR and satellite variables allow us to obtain better discrimination between groups. The model constructed was then validated by classifying individuals in an independent set of pure and mixed stands. Results The model combining LiDAR and Pleiades data provided greater accuracy (83.3% and 63% in pure and mixed validation stands, respectively) than the models which only use one type of covariables. Conclusion The automatic crown delineation tool developed allows two very similar species in mixed Mediterranean conifer forest to be discriminated using continuous spatial information at the surface: Pleiades images and open source LiDAR data. This approach is easily applicable over large areas, enhancing the economic value of non-wood forest products and aiding forest managers to accurately predict production.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Aldea, J. Bravo Oviedo, Felipe Bravo Oviedo, Andrés Ruiz-Peinado, R. Rodríguez, F. del Río, M. https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83957 2026-04-10T10:37:03Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Radial increment analyses allow us to determine tree responses to weather and tree competition, thus enabling the development of management strategies for adapting forest stands to forecasted climate change scenarios. In this study, the responses of pine-oak mixed stands (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) to thinning treatments were assessed at two sites in central Spain with contrasting drought conditions. Inter- and intra-annual radial increments were recorded every two weeks from dendrometer band measurements, using a Latin square design. Each site consisted of a control (unthinned) and two thinning intensities: moderate (25% of pine basal area removed) and heavy (40% of pine basal area removed). Thinning effects were monitored over three years of different weather conditions (2010–2012), with an extreme drought event in 2012. Linear mixed models were fitted to analyze weather and thinning effects on the inter- and intra-annual radial increment rates. Additionally, the sum of two logistic functions was used to estimate cumulative radial increment patterns. Heavy thinning resulted in the greatest annual radial increment for pine, regardless of site and year, even during the 2012 drought, when compared to densely stocked forest stands. The model results indicated that heavy thinning positively affected the intra-annual pattern, increasing inflection point and spring and autumn asymptotes. Thinning also had a slight positive effect on inter- and intra-annual radial increment in oak, although this was not clear during extreme drought in 2012. The radial increment rate was related to weather variables, which reflected light (positive for solar radiation) and water availability dependence (increased with precipitation, but decreased with vapor pressure deficit) for both species. Besides water status, air humidity (positive relation with air temperature and relative humidity) also affected oak. Reducing competition by thinning stimulated radial increment in oak-pine mixed stands, which may provide an adaptive forest management tool for reducing tree vulnerability to extreme droughts, which are linked to climate change.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Pascual, Adrián Pukkala, Timo Rodríguez, Francisco De-Miguel, Sergio https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83956 2026-04-08T19:14:23Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Spatial and temporal differences in forest features occur on different scales as forest ecosystems evolve. Due to the increased capacity of remote sensing methods to detect these differences, forest planning may now consider forest compartments as transient units which may change in time and depend on the management objectives. This study presents a methodology for implementing these transient units, referred to as dynamic treatment units (DTU). LiDAR (Light Detecting and Ranging) data and field sample plots were used to estimate forest stand characteristics for 500-m2 pixels and compartments, and a set of models was developed to enable growth simulations. The DTUs were obtained by maximizing a utility function which aimed at maximizing the aggregation of harvest areas and the ending growing stock volume with even-flow cutting targets for three 10-year periods. Remote sensing techniques, modeling, simulation, and spatial optimization were combined with the aim of having an efficient methodology for assigning cutting treatments to forest stands and delineating compact harvest blocks. Pixel-based planning led to more accurate estimation of stand characteristics and more homogeneity inside the delineated harvest blocks while the compartment-based planning resulted in larger and higher area/perimeter ratio.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Arias-Rodil, Manuel Diéguez-Aranda, Ulises Rodríguez Puerta, Francisco López-Sánchez, Carlos Antonio Canga Líbano, Elena Cámara Obregón, Asunción Castedo-Dorado, Fernando https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83955 2026-04-08T19:14:21Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

The parsimonious taper function proposed by Riemer et al. (1995. Allg. Forst.- Jagdztg. 166(7): 144–147) was fitted for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stems in Spain by using a nonlinear mixed modelling approach. Eight candidate models (all possible expansion combinations of the three fixed parameters with random effects) were assessed, and the mixed model with three random effects performed the best according to the goodness-of-fit statistics. An evaluation data set was used to assess the performance of these models in predicting stem diameter along the bole, as well as total stem volume. Four prediction approaches were compared: one subject (tree) specific (SS) and three population specific (ordinary least squares (OLS), mean (M), and population averaged (PA)). The SS responses for a tree were estimated from a prior stem diameter measurement available for that tree, whereas OLS, M, and PA were obtained from the fixed-effects model, from the fixed parameters of mixed-effects models, and by computing mean predictions from the mixed-effects models over the distribution of random effects, respectively. Prediction errors were greater for the M and PA responses than for the OLS response, and therefore, from the prediction point of view, the use of the mixed-effects models is not recommended when an additional stem diameter measurement is not available. The mixed model with three random effects was also selected as the best model for SS estimations. Measurement of an additional stem diameter at a relative tree height of approximately 0.5 provided the best calibrations for stem diameters along the bole and total stem volume predictions. The SS approach increased the flexibility and efficiency of the selected mixed-effects model for localized predictions and thus improved the overall predictive capacity of the base model.

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodriguez, Francisco Lizarralde, Iñigo Fernández-Landa, Alfredo Condés, Sonia https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83954 2026-04-08T19:14:19Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

In recent years, the technology for measuring the diameter and height of standing trees has improved significantly. These enhancements allow estimation of the volume of standing trees using stem taper equations, which traditionally have been constructed with data from felled trees, in an accurate and economically feasible way. A non-destructive method was evaluated with data from 38 pines and was validated with data from another 38 pines, both in the Northern Iberian Range (Spain). The electronic dendrometer Criterion RD1000 (Laser Technology Inc.) and the laser hypsometer TruPulse (Laser Technology Inc.) were used due to their accuracy and interoperability. The methodology was valid (unbiased and precise) measuring from a distance similar to the height of the tree. In this distance, statistical criteria and plots based on the residuals showed no clear advantage in volume estimation with models fitted with data from destructive methods against models fitted with data from the proposed non-destructive technique. This methodology can be considered useful for individual volume estimation and for developing taper equations.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodríguez, Francisco Lizarralde, Iñigo Bravo Oviedo, Felipe https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83953 2026-04-10T10:38:31Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

A system of additive equations was developed to predict whole-tree volume and the different components of Corsican pine. In this work, the nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) approach, which guarantees additivity in nonlinear equations, was evaluated. The effect of bark thickness on the accuracy of the results for all tree components was also assessed. Data for 351 trees, ranging in age from 10 to 72 years, were collected from 65 public and private sites. The volume estimates show average biases that range in absolute values from 2.19 to 31.02 dm3 for whole-tree, from 1.41 to 27.31 dm3 for wood, and from 1.05 to 16.52 dm3 for bark volume components. Errors in volume predictions were relatively small, representing less than 3% of the average observed wood volume and less than 6% of the average observed bark volume. This research showed that satisfactory predictions can be obtained from forcing additivity using NSUR approach with a minimal number of easily measurable tree variables, such as dbh and total height.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z González-Olabarria, José-Ramón Rodríguez, Francisco Fernández-Landa, Alfredo Mola-Yudego, Blas https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83952 2026-04-08T19:14:17Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

The present study sets a methodological framework to combine LiDAR derived data with fire behaviour models in order to assess fire risk at landscape level for forest management and planning. Two forest areas of the Model Forest in Urbión, Soria (Central Spain) were analyzed, covering 992.7 ha and 221.7 ha. The modelling phase was based in 160 field sample plots as ground data, and the LiDAR data had a density of first returns of 2 pulses/m2, which were used to construct 13 models for stand variables (e.g. basal area, stem volume, branch biomass). The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.167 for shrub cover, to 0.906 for dominant height. The modelled variables were used for a classification of fuel types compatible with the continuous data. The simulation phase was performed using the spatialized data on FlamMap in order to assess the potential fire behaviour resulting across the whole landscape for four scenarios of moisture and wind conditions. The results showed maps of fire intensity and probability of fire occurrence, based on the simulation of 500 random ignition points, which allowed the analysis of the spatial relation between the initial state and allocation of forest resources and their risk of fire. The methodology proposed, as well as the results of this research are directly applicable for operational forest planning at landscape level.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Anttila, Perttu Asikainen, Antti Laitila, Juha Broto, Miguel Campanero, Ignacio Lizarralde, Iñigo Rodríguez, Francisco https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83951 2026-04-08T19:14:16Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

Soria is a forested province in Northern Spain. The utilization level of the forests in Soria is low at present, but it is predicted to rise in the future. Because of the high altitude, heating is also needed. These form a good basis for increasing the use of wood chips in energy production. In this study, a procedure to estimate the potential of wood chip from forests and their procurement costs was adapted to Spanish conditions. The harvesting potential was estimated to be between 140,000 m3 and 280,000 m3 in 2010, and to double by 2030. Cost-supply curves were provided to aid in the planning of heating plant investments. Compared to European cost levels, the procurement costs in Soria are not high.

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodríguez, Francisco Pemán, Jesús Aunós, Álvaro https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83950 2026-04-08T19:14:15Z 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z

Whole-stand models normally require data on initial stand basal area and dominant height. Dominant height measurements are time-consuming and often imprecise, compromising subsequent predictions. Poplar plantations provide a special case where basal area correlates with site index; a whole-stand model could thus be based on stand basal area. We report a static model constructed by the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) for poplar plantations for three different hybrid poplars (Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier “I-214”, “MC”, and “Luisa Avanzo”) in northeast Spain. The transition function was based on current stand basal area and was fitted with data from 158 permanent plots ranging from 1- to 17-year-old plantations. Merchantable stand volume was estimated by a volume equation where height was predicted by a height–basal area relationship based on 458 temporary plots. The model differences between clones were compared using the nonlinear extra sum of squares method. Significant differences were detected, while Luisa Avanzo presented the highest merchantable volume at the end of the rotation. Errors in basal area predictions were below 20% within 6 years in the case of Luisa Avanzo and MC clones, and within 3 years in the case of I-214. Our research showed that satisfactory predictions can be obtained using GADA with a single transition function based on an easily measurable variable such as stand basal area.

2010-02-01T00:00:00Z Velasco, Pablo Abilleira, Rosaura Díaz Urbano, María Poveda Arias, Jorge https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83352 2026-03-09T20:04:29Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Aims Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus beneficial to crops and widely used as biofungicide. Its mechanisms of action as a biological control agent against phytopathogenic fungi include mycoparasitism and the induction of plant defense responses. On the other hand, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important pathogen for Brassica crops, effectively suppressed by Trichoderma. The aim of this work is to determine whether T. hamatum can release elicitors from the cell wall of S. sclerotiorum that activate plant systemic defenses against the pathogen. Methods Liquid fermentation of T. hamatum on S. sclerotiorum mycelium was performed. In the resulting fungal filtrates, chitinase and β-endoglucanase activities were quantified, along with the amounts of glucosamine and glucan oligomers produced. These filtrates were subsequently applied to the roots of broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea var. italica), which were later foliar-infected with the pathogen. Lesions produced were measured and different systemic defensive responses were evaluated through hormonomics, glucosinolate profiling and non-targeted metabolomics. Results In fungal filtrates of T. hamatum cultured on S. sclerotiorum, chitinase (7.56–8.32 units/mL) and β-endoglucanase (3.45 units/mL) activity was determined. These filtrates also contained the highest amounts of glucosamine (0.75 g/L) and glucan oligomers (43.8 g/L). When applied to broccoli plants, the filtrates triggered a systemic defense response that was effective against the pathogen. This response was mediated by the hormones jasmonic acid, isopentenyladenine and ethylene, leading to the accumulation of antifungal compounds in the leaves, including glucobrassicin, niacin and several fatty acids. This defensive induction was not observed with glucosamine oligomers. Conclusions Therefore, T. hamatum releases glucan oligomers from the cell wall of S. sclerotionum which may act as potential elicitors of systemic plant defenses.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Pascual Sanz, Adrián Bravo Oviedo, Felipe Ordoñez Alonso, Ángel Cristobal https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83294 2026-03-02T20:03:49Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

The estimation of forest attributes using active remote sensing data and sampling designs is a solid scientific discipline oriented to derive structural information from forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined the problem of selecting predictor variables derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) when using stepwise and multiple linear regression, and when using kNN imputation using Random Forests (RF) to select predictor variables. Systems of forest attributes and ecological indicators were estimated using ALS statistics and ground data collected in Central-East Spain, on two Mediterranean pine forest areas. Co-registration errors were simulated by means of altering ground data coordinates. The larger the co-registration error, the higher the variation in the selected ALS-based predictors in the parametric approach, which was less affected than the RF-based selection. In both cases, the final performance of the models was not as affected by co-registration errors as the observed variation in the selection of variables: the impact was around 1% in the parametric approach while the value reached the 8% for both stand basal area and the Gini-index under the non-parametric method. The forest biophysical attributes of the set behaved differently towards altering the co-registration factor in both cases. To control the co-registration factor between remote sensing data sources and ground surveys is an essential step to reduce uncertainty in data interpretation and in the modeling of forest attributes.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Aldea Mallo, Jorge Río Gaztelurrutia, Miren del Cattaneo, Nicolás Riofrío Salazar, José Guillermo Ordoñez Alonso, Ángel Cristobal Uzquiano Pérez, Sara Bravo Oviedo, Felipe https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83264 2026-03-02T20:03:45Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Thinning treatments along with the establishment of mixed forest stands have been put forward as possible adaptation strategies to cope with climate change, although the effectiveness of combining these two measures has scarcely been studied and may vary depending on stand conditions and the thinning regime employed. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of commercial thinning and of the different growth behavior of two coexisting species on their inter- and intra-annual cumulative radial increment patterns. For this purpose, we studied radial increment in a Scots pine-Pyrenean oak (Pinus sylvestris L.-Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) Mediterranean mixed forest in north-west Spain over two climatically contrasting years (2016–2017). The data came from a thinning trial consisting of a randomized latin square design with a control and two commercial thinning treatments from below; one moderate and the other heavy, removing 25% and 50 % of initial basal area, respectively, of both species. The radial increment was analyzed based on bi-weekly readings from band dendrometers installed on 90 oak and pine trees. A non-linear mixed model based on double-Richards curve was fitted to explore the differences between thinning treatments and species response in the intra-annual cumulative radial increment patterns. Inter-annual basal area increments for each species at stand level were quantified by aggregating the tree estimates obtained from the model fitted in the first step. Tree and stand level growth were greater in Scots pine, which also showed a greater growth response to early spring droughts than the Pyrenean oak. Heavy thinning increased radial increment in trees of both species at the expense of decreased total stand basal area. At species level, basal area growth in Scots pine decreased through thinning, whereas for Pyrenean oak, the heavy thinning intensity resulted in the same basal area growth as the control. Thus, heavy thinning induced a trade-off between total stand growth and tree-level response to climatic conditions for Scots pine but with no loss in productivity in the case of the Pyrenean oak. Hence, heavy thinning may be an appropriate measure to attain productive stability of the oak coppice in the studied mixed forest as well as to adapt tree growth to future droughts associated with climate change.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Antón-Fernández, Clara Froese, Robert E. https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83122 2026-02-26T20:01:47Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

We present a revised estimator for the sampling error of local competition variables that builds on the conceptual framework given by Stage and Wykoff (Stage, A.R., and Wykoff, W.R. For. Sci. 44(2): 224–238, 1998). Accurate estimation of the sampling error of local competition variables is a requisite for most approaches that correct the effects of measurement error in model fitting and application. Our revision addresses the bias inherent in Stage and Wykoff's estimator due to the overlapping of random samples that are constrained to include a subject tree. We also argue that the adjustment that Stage and Wykoff used to account for the absence of treeless plots (zero truncation) is unnecessary. We illustrate the performance of the new estimator and the estimator of Stage and Wykoff through simulation. For a hypothetical Poisson forest (800 trees·ha−1; mean diameter at breast height, 9.8 cm), bias is negligible for the new estimator, and variance is reduced by 92%.

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Bright, Ryan M. Antón‐Fernández, Clara Astrup, Rasmus Cherubini, Francesco Kvalevåg, Maria Strømman, Anders H. https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83120 2026-02-26T20:01:46Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Empirical models alongside remotely sensed and station measured meteorological observations are employed to investigate both the local and global direct climate change impacts of alternative forest management strategies within a boreal ecosystem of eastern Norway. Stand-level analysis is firstly executed to attribute differences in daily, seasonal, and annual mean surface temperatures to differences in surface intrinsic biophysical properties across conifer, deciduous, and clear-cut sites. Relative to a conifer site, a slight local cooling of 0.13 °C at a deciduous site and 0.25 °C at a clear-cut site were observed over a 6-year period, which were mostly attributed to a higher albedo throughout the year. When monthly mean albedo trajectories over the entire managed forest landscape were taken into consideration, we found that strategies promoting natural regeneration of coniferous sites with native deciduous species led to substantial global direct climate cooling benefits relative to those maintaining current silviculture regimes – despite predicted long-term regional warming feedbacks and a reduced albedo in spring and autumn months. The magnitude and duration of the cooling benefit depended largely on whether management strategies jointly promoted an enhanced material supply over business-as-usual levels. Expressed in terms of an equivalent CO2 emission pulse at the start of the simulation, the net climate response at the end of the 21st century spanned 8 to 159 Tg-CO2-eq., depending on whether near-term harvest levels increased or followed current trends, respectively. This magnitude equates to approximately 20 to 300% of Norway’s annual domestic (production) emission impact. Our analysis supports the assertion that a carbon-only focus in the design and implementation of forest management policy in boreal and other climatically similar regions can be counterproductive – and at best – suboptimal if boreal forests are to be used as a tool to mitigate global warming.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z