https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/22818 Laboratorios de Investigación 2026-04-06T09:50:42Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83884 El proyecto interviene sobre el paisaje de la calzada romana que discurría entre las antiguas poblaciones de Numancia y Uxama (actual Burgo de Osma), en un tramo de 8 kilómetros que discurre en paralelo a la Autovía del Duero A-11, con puntos en las que ambos itinerarios se cruzan, dando lugar a una novedosa coexistencia entre los restos de la antigua vía y la nueva infraestructura, que incluye pasos por debajo de la autovía para mantener el trazado de la calzada. A lo largo del tramo se crean tres Áreas de Interpretación en Venta Nueva, Alto de El Temeroso y Blacos. En las tres se construyen sendos pabellones informativos realizados íntegramente en hormigón: un suelo, un banco, unos muros y una losa a modo de cubierta, definen una arquitectura mínima permeable que se abre en forma de ventana al paisaje circundante, enmarcando y subrayando la presencia de la vía romana. Las áreas de interpretación funcionan como pequeños paisajes de intercambio en los que el visitante se sumerge en el tiempo y la memoria, una experiencia in situ en el que puede recorrer la antigua calzada romana, identificando los elementos y restos materiales que la conforman mediante la presencia de elementos de señalización de una misma familia: "señales tipo", "señales ventana" y "señales hito". A la altura de Blacos la vía romana se cruza en diagonal con la autovía que discurre a una cota muy inferior, lo que obliga a realizar un importante corte en la propia calzada. La obra de infraestructura genera una trinchera de 250 metros de longitud y más de 20 metros de profundidad, lo que hace necesaria una intervención especialmente singular para suturar visualmente el paisaje. A tal efecto, se construyen a uno y otro lado del corte, dos grandes miradores, en forma de atalayas de contención, que avanzan sobre los taludes de la autovía, en cuyo frente se colocan las palabras Numantia y Uxama, indicando la dirección de la vía romana. Cada uno de ellos se remata con una ventana de hormigón de 6 metros de ancho, el mismo de la antigua vía romana, protegida con un vidrio de seguridad. De esta forma, a través del paisaje enmarcado por ambas ventanas a uno y otro lado del corte producido por la autovía, mediante un recurso visual, el espectador puede leer la continuidad de la línea desaparecida, evocando así la presencia de la antigua vía romana en un juego proyectual potente y sutil al mismo tiempo. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83883 La Catedral de León está construida en piedra, pero la materia que configura su espacio es la luz, atemporal, eterna. Piedra, luz y color armonizan la experiencia visual y emocional de uno de los templos góticos más importantes de España, un elogio a la fragilidad que, como contrapartida, conlleva importantes problemas de conservación y protección, como el que se plantea en el pórtico occidental, objeto del concurso. La imagen de dicho pórtico es insustituible y cualquier elemento construido añadido produciría una grave alteración de la memoria del edificio y de los habitantes de la ciudad. Por esa razón, el proyecto opta por una intervención mínima, innovadora y respetuosa, capaz de proteger la belleza del pórtico y, al mismo tiempo, generar nuevas relaciones visuales y de identidad con el entorno sin alterarlo. El proyecto se basa en dos únicos mecanismos arquitectónicos: la recuperación formal del corredor superior del pórtico y la instalación de unos elementos verticales de gran ligereza que permitan un sistema de doble membrana para proteger el pórtico solo en ciertos momentos muy concretos. A partir de una rigurosa lectura histórica, se recupera formalmente el corredor superior del pórtico (cuya demolición en el siglo XIX ha generado problemas de humedad), mediante un nuevo elemento acabado en bronce que reinterpreta el original; de esta manera se remata el pórtico, restaurando el orden arquitectónico perdido, devolviéndole sus proporciones y su elegancia, desde una lectura contemporánea. La protección de la acción solar y de la climatología adversa, tanto de lluvia y nieve como de bajas temperaturas, se lleva a cabo mediante un sistema de doble membrana inteligente, con dos tipos de mallas microperforadas de poro abierto que se deslizan por delante del pórtico, de forma parcial o total, dándole protección, pero permitiendo su visibilidad. La mayor parte del tiempo las mallas estarían recogidas, por lo que se mantendría intacta la imagen del pórtico, solo se desplegarían a la caída de la tarde, para evitar el duro sol de poniente, o cuando llueva, nieve o bajen excesivamente las temperaturas. Estas mallas, a su vez, podrían servir como soporte de proyección de imágenes a través de la luz, recuperando los diferentes tiempos y memorias de la catedral. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83882 La contribución realiza una búsqueda de nuevos instrumentos para el proyecto y la forma de intervenir desde la arquitectura en paisajes patrimoniales. A partir de lo que se define como multiplicidad, se exploran una serie de estrategias donde el juego y la memoria literaria actúan como mecanismos de activación del paisaje. El capítulo recoge una serie de experimentaciones plásticas, con objetos y maquetas, a través de las que se reflexiona sobre lugares de gran intensidad, caso del paisaje arqueológico de Tiermes, en Soria, donde los autores llevan trabajando durante décadas. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83154 The archaeological site of Tiermes stands imposingly on a terraced hill of red sandstone, a place inhabited and anthropized over time by man, highlighting in particular the occupation during the Roman period. The transformation of the original topography has left important remains of the city’s buildings and infrastructure that take advantage of the rock as support. An interdisciplinary team of architecture and archeology has studied and intervened in the Roman Forum and the Aqueduct House, one of the most important domestic complexes that overlooks the rock cliffs of the southern front.; El yacimiento arqueológico de Tiermes se erige imponente sobre un cerro aterrazado de arenisca roja, un lugar habitado y antropizado en el tiempo por el hombre, destacando en particular la ocupación durante el periodo romano. La transformación de la topografía original ha dejado importantes restos de construcciones e infraestructuras de la ciudad que aprovechan la roca como soporte. Desde un equipo interdisciplinar de arquitectura y arqueología, se ha estudiado e intervenido en el Foro Romano y la Casa del Acueducto, uno de los conjuntos domésticos más importantes que se asoma a los acantilados de roca del frente sur. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82433 A lo largo de los últimos años, Lab/PAP - Laboratorio de Paisaje Arquitectónico, Patrimonial y Cultural de la Universidad de Valladolid- ha desarrollado varias acciones en el Espacio Cultural Las Médulas: investigación, publicaciones y, espacialmente, proyectos de intervención arquitectónica. Estos trabajos han sido de gran valor a la hora de coordinar dos de las experiencias docentes llevadas a cabo en los últimos años respectivamente con alumnos de Arquitectura y de Diseño, a partir de una metodología que integra trabajo de campo, análisis de casos, talleres con estudiantes, desarrollo de propuestas y evaluación con usuarios. Los trabajos comparten la necesidad de garantizar un acceso inclusivo al patrimonio, a través de una aproximación sensible al entorno y a la diversidad de los usuarios, superando soluciones parciales mediante estrategias globales y sostenibles. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82270 El capítulo muestra como el tour virtual puede ser una herramienta para hacer un museo más accesible. Expone cómo se ha realizado en el Museo de Arte Africano Arellano-Alonso de la universidad de Valladolid: de qué objetivos se partieron, qué metodología se ha empleado y qué resultados, conclusiones y propuestas de futuro se puedan extraer de la experiencia. El escrito está vinculado al proyecto de investigación Accesibilidad y diseño inclusivo en paisajes patrimoniales. Análisis, estrategias de actuación y modelos de diseño de información, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, en la Convocatoria 2020 de «Proyectos I+D+i» orientada a los retos de la Sociedad. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82242 The article is written by members of the LAB/PAP research group at the University of Valladolid and focuses on the concept of the heritage landscape, understood as a set of natural and built elements that accumulate layers of historical memory over time. These landscapes require well-integrated information and wayfinding systems, developed through a multidisciplinary approach involving architecture, design, and engineering. The text argues that information design plays a key role in making heritage landscapes understandable, accessible, and inclusive, going beyond mere physical accessibility. With this aim, the authors promote real academic projects in which students develop inclusive design proposals applied to the Roman Theatre of Clunia (Burgos). The paper presents three experimental information design proposals that seek to respect the archaeological site while facilitating its understanding for all audiences. The main educational objectives are to encourage inclusive design, teamwork, practical application in a real environment, and awareness of human diversity. Finally, the article highlights the difficulty of balancing accessibility and heritage conservation, emphasizing that there are no universal solutions and that each case requires a specific, sensitive, and sustainable approach. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82237 By starting from the notions of rhythm, rule, and the analogy between architecture and music, the research focuses on the analysis and the representation of architecture and, in particular, of façades by comparing two case studies: Muuratsalo House by Alvar Aalto (1952-1953) and the Leicester Engineering Department Building by James Stirling and James Gowan (1959-1963). The methodology is based on the comparison among some specific façade categories: texture, basic compositional signs (connection to the ground, windows, connection to the sky), and geometries. The operating methodology follows these phases: i) the analysis of project drawings and photographic documentation; ii) two-dimensional reconstruction in CAD of plans, fronts, and sections; iii) NURBS modeling. By analyzing Muuratsalo House’s façades through 2D representations and 3D models, the research highlights the proportional and compositional relationship between walls and openings as a leading principle. The study on the patio’s fronts shows how this association gets more complex because the textures, rhythm, and geometry of the materials become the main elements in the compositional grammar of the house. In the case of the Leicester Engineering Department, the model allows the understanding of the general volumetric articulation. The whole configuration is characterized by the juxtaposition of multiple volumes, which impacts the façades, whose openings direct rhythms, textures, and geometries. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82232 Sepharad is a biblical toponym that Jewish tradition identifies with Spain, the land from which an entire community was expelled in 1492, by the Edict of Granada. Sephardim are also still called the descendants of those exiled people from there, even though this term appears in the Bible only once: once, but enough to freeze forever the image of the lost and still coveted homeland. The fortuitous discovery, in 2012, of the remains of the ancient Jewish cemetery in the city of Avila, gave LAB/PAP Landscape Architecture, Heritage and Cultural Lab -a research and design group of the University of Valladolid- the opportunity to symbolically compensate for this loss, building an intense space destined for memory and reconciliation, called the Garden of Sefarad. The project proposes the creation of a kind of space-time fissure. Using a wall in the area as a physical reference, the garden plays with the overlaying of different temporal layers in the same place: in the centre, a rectangular mound represents the new burial space for the remains from the excavated tombs; in the remaining area, granite slabs and stones emerge punctually as relics of the past, drawing a series of visual coordinates that relate the ancient cemetery with parts of the city. The Garden of Sefarad thus constructs an evocative landscape, summarizing in a single place all the emotional baggage of a community, exiled and at the same time indissolubly bounded to the territory they were forced to leave. A commemorative landscape, created with the aim of giving a completely ritual character to the area occupied by the ancient cemetery, guaranteeing the holiness of the place and at the same time the functionality of the urban infrastructure. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82221 The social recognition of cultural landscapes has increased in recent years. Culture must be accessible to all citizens, helping them to interpret the cultural landscape in the most respectful and autonomous way possible. Nevertheless, the link between accessibility and heritage requires a sensitive perception of the environment and individuals in their different situations. Usually, however, only partial solutions are offered, whereas a global, truly sustainable, and inclusive approach should be adopted. In this sense, information design can play an essential role in the enjoyment and knowledge of heritage landscapes. The aim of this article is to present some reflections on this topic, which have led a group of teachers and students from the Laboratory of Architectural, Cultural, and Heritage Landscape of the University of Valladolid (LAB/PAP) to develop experimental design proposals for the archaeological site of Tiermes, in Soria, Spain. The method applied is based on field research, case studies, project proposals, workshops, and user testing. The resulting proposals emerge from the previous research developed by the LAB/PAP. They will focus on information design to present this extraordinary site in an inclusive way. The final discussion will decide which of these proposals will be easier and more useful to implement. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80731 This study investigates the manufacture and environmental assessment of acoustic insulation foams made from recycled polyethylene (RM) from packaging film waste. Blends of RM with virgin polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were used to produce cellular structures through chemical (Ch) and physical (Ph) foaming processes. The aim was to develop materials with properties comparable to commercial acoustic insulation products in construction sector, assessing structural integrity and acoustic performance via dynamic stiffness. Products with performance like the commercial were achieved with recycled content ranging from 40 to 80 wt%. These successful cases were also evaluated for environmental impact. The life cycle assessment considered two approaches: one analysing the production of 1 kg of foam (standardized density values), where physical foaming showed a lower environmental footprint, and the other evaluating the mass needed to achieve the dynamic stiffness of the commercial reference (empirical density values), which favoured chemical foaming for producing foams with comparable properties but lower densities. Although physical foaming has environ- mental advantages, the higher densities achieved with RM limit its viability. Consequently, chemical foaming is more environmentally favourable due to lower material consumption. Therefore, Ch_RM:EVA,80:20 is optimal for technical requirements, while Ch_RM:PE,40:60 is more environmentally advantageous. The compromise solution that addresses both technical and environmental aspects is Ch_RM:EVA,40:60. This foam showed acoustic performance equivalent to the commercial, achieved through a manufacturing process and recycled content minimizing environmental impacts. Furthermore, transforming packaging waste into a long-lasting product also reduces waste accumulation and delays non-sustainable but necessary processes like energy generation. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76995 Micronized nanocellular polymers show great potential to be used as core materials for vacuum insulation panels due to their reduced thermal conductivity under vacuum. However, as a result of their nanocellular structure, these materials are characterized by thermal radiation contributions higher than 4 mW/(m·K). This work studies how to further enhance their thermal insulation behavior by adding infrared blockers to reduce thermal radiation. Three different opacifiers (titanium(IV) oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, and silicon carbide) are used in different contents (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%). The obtained powders are characterized to determine the apparent density, the particle size distribution, and the thermal conductivity. The addition of infrared blockers leads to an increase in apparent density which is also related to the opacifier’s particle size. For each infrared blocker, there is an optimum concentration to achieve the minimum thermal conductivity. Finally, compacted panels are produced to analyze their behavior as VIP cores by measuring thermal conductivity under vacuum conditions. A minimum thermal conductivity of 9.6 mW/(m·K) is obtained for the compacted panel containing 10 wt% of silicon carbide, a reduction of 2 mW/(m·K) regarding the sample without opacifier. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76986 Compacted panels based on micronized nanocellular polymers show reduced thermal conductivity in comparison with bulk nanocellular polymers, especially under vacuum, so they are promising materials to be used as vacuum insulation panels (VIP). The discontinuous structure formed by micrometric particles allows for decreasing the conduction through the solid phase since the contact points between the particles act as additional thermal resistances to the heat transmission. However, the discontinuous structure also leads to the appearance of the coupling effect, which cannot be modeled using the typical equations for cellular polymers. In this work, a semi-empirical model able to predict the thermal conductivity of compacted panels based on nanocellular poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) is developed. The model allows quantifying each heat transfer mechanism contribution (conduction through the solid phase, conduction through the gas phase, radiation, and coupling effect). The model shows that the contribution of the coupling effect in the compacted panels is higher than 50 % of the total thermal conductivity for pressures higher than 5 mbar, supporting the need for the model to correctly predict the insulation performance of these materials. The model predicts minimum thermal conductivities of 32.5 mW/(m·K) at ambient pressure and of 10 mW/(m·K) at maximum vacuum. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76085 The hierarchical structure and high molecular weight of bovine collagen fibres, along with their widespread availability, make this animal protein a promising candidate for biofilm production. However, unlike conven- tional thermoplastics, collagen processing is challenging due to its complex intra- and intermolecular in- teractions. This study investigated the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as a plasticising agent to modify these interactions during a pretreatment phase prior to film formation via extrusion-compression moulding. Different supercritical conditions were tested, and the combined effect of sCO2 and glycerol (Gly), a common plasticiser, was evaluated. Microstructural analyses of the pretreated powders and resulting biofilms revealed an unconventional plasticisation mechanism, characterised by the loss of the triple-helix structure and the formation of a randomly cross-linked network. This effect was particularly pronounced under supercritical conditions at higher temperatures (80 ◦C and 80–300 bar), where the loss of surface water from the collagen fibres and in- teractions between functional groups in denatured fibres led to enhanced plasticity. As a result, the extruded films exhibited a reduction in stiffness of up to 20 % and an increase in elongation at break by more than 50 %. In contrast, pretreatments at lower temperatures and pressures (35 ◦C and 80 bar) caused only minor chain scission, preserving the triple-helix structure and yielding rigid films with limited deformability. These findings demon- strated that controlling supercritical conditions in the presence of glycerol during collagen pretreatment is an effective strategy to enhance the processability and mechanical performance of collagen-based biofilms. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/66697 Deep learning-based object detection models have become a preferred choice for crop detection tasks in crop monitoring activities due to their high accuracy and generalization capabilities. However, their high computational demand and large memory footprint pose a challenge for use on mobile embedded devices deployed in crop monitoring settings. Vari- ous approaches have been taken to minimize the computational cost and reduce the size of object detection models such as channel and layer pruning, detection head searching, back- bone optimization, etc. In this work, we approached computational lightening, model com- pression, and speed improvement by discarding one or more of the three detection scales of the YOLOv5 object detection model. Thus, we derived up to five separate fast and light models, each with only one or two detection scales. To evaluate the new models for a real crop monitoring use case, the models were deployed on NVIDIA Jetson nano and NVIDIA Jetson Orin devices. The new models achieved up to 21.4% reduction in giga floating-point operations per second (GFLOPS), 31.9% reduction in number of parameters, 30.8% reduc- tion in model size, 28.1% increase in inference speed, with only a small average accuracy drop of 3.6%. These new models are suitable for crop detection tasks since the crops are usually of similar sizes due to the high likelihood of being in the same growth stage, thus, making it sufficient to detect the crops with just one or two detection scales. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/65844 Vestigios de diferentes épocas permanecen ocultos bajo el territorio que ocupa hoy el hombre, sumergidos en un nivel inferior, sumidos en el olvido de las sociedades superadas por el paso del tiempo, constituyen en su conjunto las tramas desdibujadas que componen los documentos más ricos y completos de la evolución de las comunidades hasta nuestros días. Las urdimbres urbanas contienen un gran volumen de información que se extiende en la continuidad que las vincula a su espacio y a su tiempo, son comprensibles solo en relación con su contexto. La introducción de nuevos niveles de lectura en el territorio, ramificados o lineales, ha de garantizar la continuidad de las diferentes tramas que configuran el palimpsesto contemporáneo que compone nuestros paisajes patrimoniales, de modo que se proteja la lectura del conjunto como un organismo continuo, extensivo y complejo, abandonando el estudio del fragmento inconexo que no aporta nada más allá de un valor material concreto. Los nuevos medios de documentación permiten el estudio de la continuidad de las líneas que configuran el paisaje en su evolución, partiendo de la relación contextual con los factores geográficos invariantes: la presencia de un cauce, su ribera, la geología, la topografía, etc. y abarcando la vinculación con los agentes variables. En la presente investigación se comprueban diferentes estrategias de coexistencia basadas en la defensa de la continuidad y el contexto, aplicadas a casos de estudio trabajados previamente dentro del Laboratorio de Paisaje Arquitectónico, Patrimonial y Cultural (LAB/PAP). Para ello se toman como base proyectos en paisajes arqueológicos de relevancia, reforzados con nuevos planteamientos con los que analizar los mecanismos para lograr la coexistencia con los trazados viarios contemporáneos, como son el Yacimiento Arqueológico de Ad Legionem VII Geminam, en León, el de Arce Mirapérez en Miranda de Ebro, Burgos, y el de Lancia en Villasabariego, León. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z