https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/1262 Dpto. Economía Aplicada - Artículos de revista Sun, 12 Apr 2026 23:38:09 GMT 2026-04-12T23:38:09Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83822 Ordinal scales play a crucial role in the measurement of confidence in politicians. A common approach to investigate the status of public opinion involves conducting surveys that utilize ordered response categories. Evenly assigning scores to response categories is a common technique when analyzing survey results, whether done intentionally or implicitly. When doing so, it is usually assumed that respondents perceive equal proximities between the different response categories. Caution is essential when assigning scores, since this is most likely not true. To address this concern, this article proposes the application of a scoring function based on the concept of ordinal proximity measure. This function assigns scores to response categories of the ordinal scale considering respondents’ perceptions of closeness between response categories. These methods were applied to a survey on confidence in the Spanish Prime Minister by the Spanish Sociological Research Center (CIS). A small exploratory survey was conducted on perceived proximities between response categories in the CIS survey and aimed to replicate results using statistical regression models, highlighting potential biases when ignoring perceptions of response category proximities. While the findings offer insight into the method’s analytical implications, they are illustrative in nature and should not be overinterpreted as generalizable. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83822 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83794 A key problem in decision-making is selecting a winning candidate or establishing a global ranking for a set of candidates when individuals' preferences are expressed through linear orders. Scoring rules are a specific case of positional voting systems (PVSs) that are widely used in sports competitions. Likewise, some scoring rules, such as the Borda rule and plurality, have also been extensively analyzed in the field of social choice. However, the choice of the scoring vector may significantly influence the results, leading to the development of models that avoid subjective vector selection. In this paper, we introduce a general model that encompasses some previous proposals present in the literature. Our model does not have an important deficiency that some other models do, such as the fact that the relative order between two candidates may change even if there is no variation in the positions obtained by those candidates. We give an explicit formula for calculating candidate scores, enabling direct determination of winners or rankings without solving the model for each candidate, and we also analyze the fulfillment of some well-known properties. Likewise, through theoretical analysis and examples, we identify and rule out specific PVSs that may yield questionable outcomes. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83794 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83793 One of the most important issues in the field of ranking voting systems is the choice of the weighting vector. This issue has been addressed in the literature from different approaches, and one of them has been to obtain the weighting vector as a solution to a linear programming problem. In this paper we analyze some models proposed in the literature and show that one of their main shortcomings is that they cannot guarantee the uniqueness of the solution, so the winner or the final ranking of the candidates may depend on the chosen weighting vector. An alternative to these models is the use of surrogate weights, among which rank order centroid (ROC) weights stand out as the centroid of a specific simplex. Following this idea, in this paper we show the explicit expression for the weights that form the centroid of diverse simplices utilized in ranking voting systems, and we also see that certain surrogate weights frequently employed in literature can be derived as extreme cases where the simplices collapse into a single vector. Moreover, we argue that averaging two weighting vectors can be a valid approach in some cases and, in this way, we can get weighting vectors that closely resemble those used in some sports competitions. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83793 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83791 Several operators have emerged in the framework of Choquet integral with the purpose of simultaneously generalizing weighted means and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. However, on many occasions, not enough attention has been paid to whether the constructed operators behaved similarly to the weighted means and OWA operators that have been generalized. In this sense, it seems necessary that these new operators preserve the weights assigned to the information sources (which are established through the weighting vector associated with the weighted mean) and that they are able to rule out extreme values (which is an important characteristic of OWA operators). In this paper we analyze a family of operators recently introduced in the literature through the Crescent Method. First, we introduce a broad class of weighting vectors that allow us to guarantee that the games generated with the Crescent Method are capacities. Next we analyze the conjunctive/disjuntive character of the Choquet integrals associated with these capacities and we also give closed-form expressions of some tolerance and importance indices such as $k$-conjunctiveness/disjunctiveness indices, the veto and favor indices, and the Shapley values. Finally, we give two examples to show the usefulness of the results obtained. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83791 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83684 We examine the impact of environmental policy on industrial location between two trading regions dealing with transboundary pollution. Firstly, we study how the distribution of firms and trade costs affect the governments’ environmental policies, particularly, the issuance of emission permits. Secondly, we study how the resulting environmental policies alter the allocation of the industry. The microeconomic behavior of the agents is framed within the Economic Geography literature, through a linear Footloose Capital (FC) model. The macroeconomic model that arises is a transboundary pollution dynamic game. When regions have different industrial shares, we find that if pollution damage is low, the more industrialized region adopts environmentally irresponsible behavior by increasing the offer of emission permits, which reduces their price. Firms benefit from lower production costs, ultimately attracting more firms (agglomeration force). However, due to transport costs, as the share of firms in a region increases, the benefits decrease (dispersion force). The final spatial distribution of the industry between the regions depends on the balance between agglomeration and dispersion forces. This agglomerative force and the governments’ strategic behavior, absent in the FC model, could lead to industrial activity fully concentrating in a core region. As pollution damage increases, agglomerative power loses strength. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83684 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82617 El presente artículo tiene como principal objetivo ofrecer una aproximación operativa al complejo marco regulatorio del sector vitivinícola español, con el fin de examinar las principales actuaciones de política económica llevadas a cabo en dicho ámbito a lo largo de los últimos años. Con este propósito, el trabajo se ha estructurado en tres apartados. En el primero, de carácter introductorio, se destaca el peso del subsector vinícola dentro de la industria agroalimentaria española y se ofrece una breve caracterización del mismo. El segundo, contiene una visión sintética del extenso marco legal que afecta al sector a nivel nacional, en la que se subrayan los aspectos más significativos de aquellas normas que, dentro de ese intrincado mosaico jurídico, revisten una mayor trascendencia cara a la regulación de las diferentes fases de la cadena de valor vitivinícola. En el tercero, se detallan las principales acciones de política económica que, en los diferentes eslabones de dicha cadena de valor, tienen especial incidencia en la estructura y funcionamiento del sector. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82617 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82487 In this paper, we propose a theoretical comparison of two types of value-based methods within the field of Multiple Criteria Decision Making/Aiding. Both methods make use of qualitative information to produce a value on an interval scale for each alternative, assessed on a set of criteria, for ranking or classification purposes. The two methods are known in the literature as the deck of cards and the one based on ordinal proximity measures. The deck of cards method allows managing the intensities of preferences in a qualitative way by making pairwise comparisons to produce a value for each alternative, while the ordinal proximity measures method allows managing the proximities between the terms of ordered qualitative scales in a pure ordinal way and produces a value for each alternative. This paper provides the mathematical background on the concept of closeness between objects of a linear order, which is common to both methods and the way of assigning values or scores to the terms of ordered qualitative scales. It is presented a proof that, under certain circumstances, these two methods are equivalent. An illustrative example shows how to build an interval scale with the two methods. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82487 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81677 Los breakout o escape rooms con fines educativos son actividades de gamificación en las que los participantes deben resolver una serie de pistas, acertijos o problemas dentro de un tiempo limitado para “escapar” de un escenario concreto o completar una misión. En el ámbito educativo, estas experiencias fomentan el aprendizaje activo y la aplicación práctica de conocimientos en un entorno lúdico. En esta contribución se presentan y analizan los resultados de un breakout educativo diseñado para reforzar conceptos de probabilidad e inferencia de manera interactiva y participativa, promoviendo la participación del alumnado y mejorando su proceso de aprendizaje. La actividad se desarrolló a través de la plataforma Genially y se implementó en Moodle durante el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2024-2025 en una asignatura de Estadística. Los primeros resultados obtenidos muestran una alta participación y una respuesta positiva por parte de los estudiantes, quienes destacaron su carácter innovador y motivador. Esto indica que la herramienta puede ser útil para potenciar el aprendizaje en disciplinas complejas. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81677 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81614 The spot freight rate processes considered in the literature for pricing forward freight agreements (FFA) and freight options usually have a particular dynamics in order to obtain the prices. In those cases, the FFA prices are explicitly obtained. However, for jump-diffusion models, an exact solution is not known for the freight options (Asian-type), in part due to the absence of a suitable valuation framework. In this paper, we consider a general jump-diffusion process to describe the spot freight dynamics and we obtain exact solutions of FFA prices for two parametric models. Moreover, we develop a partial integro-differential equation (PIDE), for pricing freight options for a general unifactorial jump-diffusion model. When we consider that the spot freight follows a geometric process with jumps, we obtain a solution of the freight option price in a part of its domain. Finally, we show the effect of the jumps in the FFA prices by means of numerical simulations. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81614 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81613 We present a new method for estimating the unobservable drift of the risk‐ neutral spot freight rate process from Forward Freight Agreements (FFA) prices in the absence of a closed‐form solution and demonstrate robustness via numerical simulations. Moreover, we conduct empirical experiments involving estimation of standard parametric models and a nonparametric model using Baltic Exchange data. We find that our nonparametric approach yields the lowest FFA pricing errors across maturities. Finally, we estimate the market price of risk, analyze its behavior in‐sample and out‐of‐sample and observe that, when estimated using our nonparametric approach, it evolves consistently with the indices under study. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81613 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80933 This paper explores the concept of consensus in the context of ternary preferences, an extension of dichotomous preference approvals, where alternatives are classified into three categories: acceptable, neutral, and unacceptable.We propose a novel distance-based measure to quantify consensus among voters and introduce a method for calculating the marginal contribution of each voter to the overall consensus, drawing parallels to the Banzhaf value in cooperative game theory. To handle large voter groups, we also present an estimation procedure based on sampling techniques to derive the marginal contributions. We performed comprehensive simulation studies to validate the statistical properties and computational efficiency of the proposed approach. Finally, empirical analyses using data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and the Balkan Barometer highlight its practical applicability. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80933 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80511 Museums are public service organizations entrusted with the mission of providing value to diverse audiences and stakeholders. Nowadays, fulfilling their mission depends on their capacity to operate from a service- dominant logic, recognizing visitors and stakeholders as co- creators of value. Through a qualitative study based on interviews with museum directors, this study delves into how museum management logics evolve toward service- dominant logic, what role museum directors play therein, and the mechanisms that museums employ to co- create and deliver effective value to their stakeholders. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80511 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80510 The current Global Environmental Scenario landscape lacks transformative socio-ecological world futures that provide pathways of liberation for the ‘bottom billion’. Drawing on decolonial thought, we develop a set of proposals for future scenario development. These proposals include participatory processes with subaltern population groups to facilitate scenario co-creation based on different ways of knowing the world; replacing fixed and ahistoric subjectivities driving global environmental and economic change with the agency of different social groups who might collectively be able to challenge the status quo of the world system; and creating visions and pathways that consistently address the colonial matrix of power by integrating decolonial environmental justice into scenario storylines. The outlined proposals pose significant challenges to conventional participatory and quantitative methods in the field of scenario research but also enable global environmental scenarios to better fulfill their potential of shaping social imaginaries towards emancipatory futures for all human beings. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80510 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80504 Purpose– The At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion (AROPE) rate is a key indicator for monitoring poverty in Europe. However, it is not sensitive to the degree to which individuals face multiple deprivations simultaneously. This paper aims to fill this gap by studying the relationship between the three dimensions of the AROPErateatthelowertail oftheirjoint distribution in Spain in the period 2009–2022. Design/methodology/approach– To capture how the different dimensions of poverty are related at the lower tail of their joint distribution, this paper proposes a multivariate left tail concentration function based on copulas. This function quantifies lower tail dependence at a finite scale, which, for practical purposes, is more suitable than estimating asymptotic measures, and can be represented in a 2D graph, facilitating interpretation and temporal comparisons. This function also provides information on overall dependence, as it is closely related to the Blomqvist’s beta. Findings– There is a considerable risk of clustering of deprivations in Spain, with low positions in one poverty dimension extending to others. This risk increased after the Great Recession but did not decrease with the economic recovery that followed. The crisis linked to COVID-19 did not have a significant impact on the risk of clustering of deprivations. Lower tail dependence provides new valuable insights on the dependence structure of poverty dimensions beyond the analyses based on overalldependence. Originality/value– This paper provides new theoretical results and a pioneering application of multivariate lower tail dependence measures in welfare economics usingnon-parametric methods. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80504 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80499 This paper aims to analyze the effect on measured inequality and its structure of using administrative data instead of survey data. Different analyses are carried out based on the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ECV) that continued to ask households for their income despite assigning their income data as provided by the Tax Agency and the Social Security Administration. Our main finding is that the largest discrepancies between administrative and survey data are in the tails of the distribution. In addition to that, there are clear differences in the level and structure of inequality across data sources. These differences matter, and our results should be a wake-up call to interpret the results based on only one source of income data with caution. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80499 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80496 The AROPE rate is a multidimensional indicator to monitor poverty in the European Union which combines income, work intensity and material deprivation. However, it misses the possible relationship between its components. To overcome this drawback, some authors proposed to complement the AROPE rate with measures of the dependence between its dimensions, since higher dependence can exacerbate poverty. In this paper, we follow this approach and measure such dependence in the Spanish regions over the period 2008-2018 using three multivariate versions of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Our results reveal an asymmetric effect of the economic cycle on the dependence between poverty dimensions, as this dependence, in many Spanish regions, substantially increased during the Great Recession but dropped little during the economic recovery. Moreover, regions with higher AROPE rates also tend to experience more dependence between its dimensions. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80496 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z