https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/1372 Dpto. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente - Capítulos de monografías Sat, 18 Apr 2026 14:19:20 GMT 2026-04-18T14:19:20Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73881 Uncertainty is inherent in the supply chains nature. In the context of various uncertainties, risk management plays a crucial role in effective supply chain management. The uncertainty involved in the risk assessment process can be divided into two types: random uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. The fuzzy theory has been applied to address uncertainties in this context. The purpose of this paper is to develop a literature review of the major contributions of fuzzy logic in addressing uncertainty in supply chain risk management approaches. The results revealed that integration with disruptive analysis tools and multi-criteria decision-making methods are the most common types adopted, with the increasing trend of Petri nets and Bayesian approaches. The reviewed literature highlights some limitations related to the holistic complexity of risks in supply chains, the dynamic nature of the environment, and the reliability of the knowledge base in the assessment. In that sense, these observations reveal interesting future lines of research. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73881 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73880 The interdependent nature of supply chain elements and events requires risk systems must be assessed as an interrelated framework to optimize their management and integrate effectively with other decision-making tools in uncertain environments. This research shows a synthesis and analysis of the main qualitative/quantitative methods that have been used in the literature considering the treatment of event dependencies in supply chain risk management in the period 2003– 2018. The results revealed that the integration with disruption analysis tools and artificial intelligence methods are the most common types adopted, with increasing trend and effectiveness of Bayesian and fuzzy theory approaches. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73880 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33736 Development of biological techniques for air pollution control has been triggered by the implementation of new health and safety guidelines, which are nowadays including odorous contaminants. These techniques have shown several advantages when compared with physicochemical processes; such as the lower energy requirements, capital and operating costs, and easy maintenance and control. Biofiltration is now a well-known and extensively applied technology, with more than 7500 full-scale biofilters operating in Europe. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33736 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33734 Pneumatically agitated bioreactors take advantage of the injection of a gaseous stream (often air) to provide mixing and mediate transfer of gaseous substances (i.e., O2 and CO2) with the liquid phase. However, unlike in classical pneumatically agitated reactors where liquid mixing is random (i.e., bubble column), the specific design of airlift reactors (ALRs) causes the liquid to circulate between two interconnected zones known as the riser and the downcomer. The riser and the downcomer are connected by a specific reactor base allowing for liquid circulation and by a gas–liquid separator at the top. Under typical operation conditions, air is injected below the riser section and the removal of gas in the separator generates a mean density gradient between the riser and downcomer zones that causes the liquid broth to circulate. The function of the gas separator is to support efficient gas–liquid disengagement. The fraction of gas introduced in the downcomer section depends on design and operational variables. This fraction has a significant effect on fluid dynamics and, consequently, reactor performance. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33734 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33730 Odour pollution is often linked to industrial activities such as waste treatment (wastewater treatment plants, compost facilities, landfills), intensive animal farming, food processing, pulp and paper production, and so on. Today, the stricter environmental regulations imposed worldwide, together with the encroachment of residential areas on industrial facilities in the last decades, have resulted in an increase in the number of public odour complaints. In fact, more than half the complaints received by the environmental regulatory agencies worldwide concern malodours. For instance, odour annoyance affects approximately 20% of the population in Europe, with malodours fromwastewater treatment plants (WWTP) being ranked amongst the most unpleasant ones. Despite not being a direct cause of disease, long-term exposure to high-strength malodorous emissions actually does negatively affect human health, causing nausea, headaches, insomnia, loss of appetite, respiratory problems, irrational behaviour, and so on. In addition, malodorous emissions can pose a severe occupational risk within confined spaces in WWTPs or pulp and paper industries, due to the accumulation of lethal H2S concentrations. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33730 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33657 In the chapter on “Membrane Bioreactors for Waste Gas Treatment” an overview of recent progress in this field is given. In contrast with waste water treatment, membrane systems for waste gas treatment are still in the exploratory stage, although advantages are obvious: in membrane systems the air and aqueous phase are separated, which allows better performance for hydrophobic compounds. The bottleneck, however, is the scaling up of the system. In this chapter the basics of membrane permeation; reactor configuration; results of lab and pilot scale membrane waste gas treatment studies; microbiological aspects and modeling are discussed and future perspectives are presented. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/33657 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/26281 Cell disruption is crucial for the valorization of algal biomass and has already led to a variety of technology developments. Challenges remain to (1) disrupt all algae species of interest and (2) evolve further to scalable and economic attractive disruption approaches that preserve the cell constituents as much as possible. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/26281 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/26278 Bioethanol production from microalgae biomass has been proposed as an innovative alternative to substitute fossil fuel sources. Unlike other renewable sources (e.g., lignocellulosic materials), microalgae biomass has no lignin, which makes the carbohydrate extraction process easier and eventually it should help to develop cleaner and safer bioethanol production processes. Carbohydrates in microalgae can be present in a variety of forms (cellulose, starch, and/or glycogen) and located in different regions of the cells (inner, inside, outside). Carbohydrate type, location, and concentration will strongly depend on cultivation and operation conditions with concentrations ranging from 15% to 50%. Several steps must be applied to obtain bioethanol from this biomass. First, different methods can be employed to disrupt the cell wall and release the carbohydrates such as physical-mechanicals, chemicals, and/or a combination of them. After that, enzymatic hydrolysis could be required to convert the carbohydrates into simple sugars. Finally, a yeast or bacteria fermentation stage is performed to transform these sugars into ethanol. However, it is imperative that the principal parameters of these different steps should be optimized during the bioethanol production before industrial implementation, and more research on economic and life cycle analysis is needed to ensure the economic feasibility of the process. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/26278 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z