Structure and Dynamics in Formamide–(H2O)3: A Water Pentamer Analogue

Abstract

Water self-association dominates the formation of microsolvated molecular clusters which may give rise to complex structures resembling those of pure water clusters. We present a rotational study of the complex formamide−(H2O)3 formed in a supersonic jet and several monosubstituted isotopologues. Formamide and water molecules form a four-body sequential cycle through N−H···O, O−H···O, and O−H···O=C hydrogen bonds, resulting in a chiral structure with a nonplanar skeleton that can be overlapped to that of water pentamer. The analysis of the 14N-nucleus quadrupole coupling effects shows the depletion of the electron density of the N atom lone pair with respect to the bare formamide that affects the amide group C−N and C=O distances. The study of the observed tunneling doublets shows that formamide−(H2O)3 follows a path to invert its structure driven by the flipping of water subunits and passing through successive nonplanar configurations, a motion reminiscent of the pseudorotation of water pentamer.