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    Título
    Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) bark aqueous ammonia extract for the control of invasive forest pathogens
    Autor
    Sánchez Hernández, EvaAutoridad UVA Orcid
    Balduque Gil, Joaquín
    Barriuso Vargas, Juan José
    Casanova Gascón, José
    González García, Vicente
    Cuchí Oterino, José Antonio
    Lorenzo Vidal, Belén
    Martín Gil, JesúsAutoridad UVA Orcid
    Martín Ramos, PabloAutoridad UVA Orcid
    Año del Documento
    2022
    Editorial
    MDPI
    Descripción
    Producción Científica
    Documento Fuente
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, Vol. 23, Nº. 19, 11882
    Résumé
    Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) bark is a commonly used remedy to treat gastrointestinal disorders, throat and skin infections, hemorrhages, and dysentery. It has also been previously reported that its methanol extracts possess antibacterial activity, which can be related to the richness of Quercus spp. extracts in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins. However, there is no information on the antifungal (including oomycete) properties of the bark from Q. ilex or its subspecies (ilex and ballota). In this work, we report the characterization of the aqueous ammonia extract of its bark by FTIR and GC-MS and the results of in vitro and ex situ inhibition tests against three phytopathogens. The main phytochemical components identified were inositols (19.5%), trans-squalene (13%), 4-butoxy-1-butanol (11.4%), gulopyranose (9.6%), lyxose (6.5%), 2,4-dimethyl-benzo[H]quinoline (5.1%), catechol (4.5%), and methoxyphenols (4.2%). The efficacy of the extract in controlling forest phytopathogens was tested in vitro against Fusarium circinatum (responsible for pitch canker of Pinus spp.), Cryphonectria parasitica (which causes chestnut blight), and Phytophthora cinnamomi (which causes ‘root and crown rot’ in a variety of hosts, including Castanea, conifers, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Juglans, Quercus, etc.), obtaining EC90 values of 322, 295, and 75 μg·mL−1, respectively, much lower than those attained for a commercial strobilurin fungicide (azoxystrobin). The extract was further tested ex situ against P. cinnamomi on artificially inoculated, excised stems of ‘Garnem’ almond rootstock, attaining complete protection at a dose of 782 μg·mL−1. The results suggest that holm oak bark extract may be a promising source of bioactive compounds against invasive forest pathogens, including the oomycete that is causing its decline, the so-called ‘seca’ in Spain.
    Materias (normalizadas)
    Árboles - Enfermedades y plagas
    Trees - Diseases and pests
    Plant pathology
    Plantas - Enfermedades y plagas
    In vitro tests
    Phytophthora cinnamomi
    Castaños - Enfermedades y plagas
    Pinos - Enfermedades y plagas
    Root rot
    Forests and forestry
    Bosques y silvicultura
    Quercus
    Invasive pathogens
    Holm oak
    Encinas
    Materias Unesco
    3102 Ingeniería Agrícola
    3106 Ciencia Forestal
    ISSN
    1422-0067
    Revisión por pares
    SI
    DOI
    10.3390/ijms231911882
    Patrocinador
    Junta de Castilla y León y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (project VA258P18)
    Version del Editor
    https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11882
    Propietario de los Derechos
    © 2022 The Authors
    Idioma
    eng
    URI
    https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/61533
    Tipo de versión
    info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
    Derechos
    openAccess
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    • DEP42 - Artículos de revista [291]
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