Phonon Modes at the2H−NbSe2Surface Observed by Grazing Incidence Inelastic X-Ray Scattering

Abstract

We have determined the dispersion of acoustic and optical surface phonon modes at the 2H−NbSe2 by inelastic x-ray scattering under grazing incidence conditions. Already, at room temperature, an anomaly is observed close to the charge density wave Q-vector position located at about one-third along the Γ−M direction of the Brillouin zone. Our results indicate that the anomaly for the surface mode occurs at a lower energy than that measured in bulk sensitive geometry in the same experiment, showing evidence of a modified behavior in the uppermost layers. We demonstrate that inelastic x-ray scattering in grazing incidence conditions provides a unique tool to selectively study either surface or bulk lattice dynamics in a single experiment.