KV1.3 channels are novel determinants of macrophage‐dependent endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension in mice

Abstract

Background and purpose: KV 1.3 channels are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they contribute to proliferation rather than contraction and participate in vascular remodelling. KV 1.3 channels are also expressed in macrophages, where they assemble with KV 1.5 channels (KV 1.3/KV 1.5), whose activation generates a KV current. In macrophages, the KV 1.3/KV 1.5 ratio is increased by classical activation (M1). Whether these channels are involved in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular remodelling, and whether they can modulate the macrophage phenotype in hypertension, remains unknown. We characterized the role of KV 1.3 channels in vascular damage in hypertension.

Experimental approach: We used AngII-infused mice treated with two selective KV 1.3 channel inhibitors (HsTX[R14A] and [EWSS]ShK). Vascular function and structure were measured using wire and pressure myography, respectively. VSMC and macrophage electrophysiology were studied using the patch-clamp technique; gene expression was analysed using RT-PCR.

Key results: AngII increased KV 1.3 channel expression in mice aorta and peritoneal macrophages which was abolished by HsTX[R14A] treatment. KV 1.3 inhibition did not prevent hypertension, vascular remodelling, or stiffness but corrected AngII-induced macrophage infiltration and endothelial dysfunction in the small mesenteric arteries and/or aorta, via a mechanism independent of electrophysiological changes in VSMCs. AngII modified the electrophysiological properties of peritoneal macrophages, indicating an M1-like activated state, with enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines that induced endothelial dysfunction. These effects were prevented by KV 1.3 blockade.

Conclusions and implications: We unravelled a new role for KV 1.3 channels in the macrophage-dependent endothelial dysfunction induced by AngII in mice which might be due to modulation of macrophage phenotype.