Connectivity strength of the EEG functional network in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Abstract

The application of graph theory measures in the study of functional brain networks allows for the description of their general properties and their alterations in mental illness. Among these measures, connectivity strength (CS) estimates the degree of functional connectivity of the whole network. Previous studies in schizophrenia patients have reported higher baseline CS values and modulation deficits in EEG spectral properties during cognitive activity. The specificity of these alterations and their relationships with pharmacological treatments remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed functional CS on EEG-based brain networks in 79 schizophrenia and 29 bipolar patients in addition to 63 healthy controls. The subjects performed a P300 task during the EEG recordings from which the pre-stimulus and the task-related modulation CS values were computed in the global and theta bands. These values were compared between the groups and between the patients who had and had not received different treatments. The global band pre-stimulus CS was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared with the bipolar and control groups. Theta band CS modulation was decreased in schizophrenia and bipolar patients. Treatment with antipsychotics, lithium, benzodiazepines, and anticonvulsants did not significantly alter these CS values. The first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients did not show significant differences in CS values. Higher global band pre-stimulus CS values were associated with worse general cognition in schizophrenia patients. These data support increased connectivity in the whole-brain network that is specific to schizophrenia and suggest a general hyper-synchronized basal state that might hamper cognition in this syndrome.