Moving toward a circular economy requires improvement of the economic and
environmental performance of municipalities in their provision of municipal solid waste (MSW)
services. Understanding performance changes over years is fundamental to support decision-making.
This study employs the Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator to evaluate eco-productivity
change and its drivers in the MSW sector in Chile over the years 2015–2019. The further use of decision
tree and linear regression analysis allows exploration of the interaction between operating characteristics
and eco-productivity estimations. The results of the eco-productivity assessment show that, although the
Chilean MSW sector was still facing a transitional period, from 2015 to 2019, eco-productivity increased
1.28% per year. Gains in eco-productivity were due to technical progress and small gains in efficiency,
whereas scale effect had an adverse impact. Other factors such as waste spending per inhabitant and the
amount of waste collected and recycled per inhabitant had a significant impact on the eco-productivity of
Chilean municipalities.
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