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Título
Diagnostic age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals of Meibomian gland morphological features
Autor
Año del Documento
2025
Editorial
Elsevier
Descripción
Producción Científica
Documento Fuente
Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 2025, p. 102447
Resumen
Purpose: To establish reference intervals of Meibomian gland (MG) characteristics in healthy participants, and to
classify meibography images of evaporative type dry eye disease (DED) subjects according to the determined
reference intervals.
Methods: Prospective study including healthy and evaporative type DED subjects. Upper eyelid meibography
images were analyzed to evaluate: MG length, minimal distance between endpoints, tortuosity, width, MG
shortening area, deviation from a vertical orientation, number of linear segments, MG global area, and number of
MGs. Reference intervals for MG characteristics were determined using generalized additive models for location,
scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Participants with evaporative type DED were classified as normal or non-normal
based on the reference intervals. Clinical features were compared between groups using Student’s t test or
Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: Participants were 156 healthy individuals (50.6 % males; mean age 44 years) and 39 individuals with
evaporative type DED (74.4 % women; mean age 62 years). MG length, minimal distance between endpoints,
tortuosity, and width, depended on age but not on sex. MG shortening area depended on age and sex. Neither age
nor sex affected the deviation from a vertical orientation, number of linear segments, MG global area, and
number of MGs. Furthermore, 66.7 % of the participants in the evaporative type DED group were classified as
normal (all the MG characteristics fell within the corresponding reference intervals). A significantly higher value
was observed in the non-normal group in OSDI (P = 0.034) and meibum expressibility (P = 0.041, indicative of
poor expressibility).
Conclusions: Reference intervals values may be useful in classifying meibography images as normal or non-
normal, thus aiding in the objective diagnosis of morphological alterations of MGs.
Materias Unesco
3201.09 Oftalmología
Palabras Clave
Meibomian glands
Meibography
Reference interval
Dry eye disease
ISSN
1367-0484
Revisión por pares
SI
Version del Editor
Propietario de los Derechos
© 2025 The Author(s)
Idioma
eng
Tipo de versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Derechos
openAccess
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