Impairments of Language and Communication in the Different Phases of Schizophrenia. A Narrative Review

Abstract

Introduction: Language impairment is common in patients with schizophrenia. Objectives: To identify the different language impairments present at each stage of schizophrenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for papers published between 2013 and 2023. Results: Thirty-seven articles were included. The language domains most affected are pragmatics (the relationship between language and context, involving parameters such as coherence) and figurative language. The initial phases often demonstrate subtle language disorganisation, while the acute phases demonstrate heightened abnormal language use in various language domains, and the chronic phases demonstrate fragmented speech patterns. Conclusions: Progress in artificial intelligence and greater awareness among the general population and healthcare workers should be implemented further in clinical practice.