Spanish universities in the Shanghai ranking in education (2022–2024)

Abstract

This study examines the methodologies of the Shanghai Ranking from 2022 to 2024 and their impact on the Education category. Using a multiple case study with a qualitative and comparative approach based on documentary analysis, it evaluates changes in the indicators and their influence on the positioning of Spanish universities. A change toward more quality-oriented indicators is identified, such as the removal of the "Number of papers" indicator and the introduction of "World-Class Faculty" in 2024. However, these methodologies limit the evaluation of disciplines like Education, where local impact and qualitative approaches are essential. The article proposes strategies to balance the production of globally impactful research with local relevance and improving the competitiveness of universities with fewer resources. It concludes that while the changes in the ranking foster global excellence, it is crucial to adapt the indicators to better reflect the contributions of disciplines like Education. Future research directions are also suggested, focusing on the qualitative impact of rankings on local educational development.