Throwing distance constraints regarding kinematics and accuracy in high-level boccia players

Abstract

Aim. — Boccia is a precision sport that requires excellent coordination and control of movements. Eligible impairments for this sport such as ataxia, hypertonia and athetosis cause limitations in a player’s coordination. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different throwing distances might have an impact on kinematics and accuracy across repeated throws. Method. — Five players belonging to the Spanish Boccia team, all with international experience, participated in this study. Participants were asked to throw ten times to three distances: short (1.5 m), medium (5 m), long (9 m), and throw at maximum speed. Twelve markers were placed on different anatomic points of the players and a comprehensive analysis of 3D-kinematics was designed to obtain the angles of the elbow flexion-extension, trunk inclination, the speed and the throwing time. Results. — Positive correlations were found between throwing speed and accuracy for medium distances, and negative correlations regarding long distances. Conclusion. — The degree of spasticity and trunk control might affect performance in this sport.