Self-realization and “ecological” autonomy: An ecosophical perspective

Abstract

The paper explores the compatibility between human autonomy and ecosophical thinking, in particular Arne Næss’s worldview. Contrary to the prevailing view that environmental ethics marginalizes autonomy due to its anti-anthropocentric roots, the paper argues that Næss’s concept of self-realization not only accommodates human autonomy but is foundational to it. Self-realization, understood as the fulfillment of inherent capacities of every living being, is analyzed through philosophical traditions from Aristotle to Spinoza, emphasizing its dynamic interpretation. The paper highlights the role of identification—a process of recognizing kinship with other beings—as central to expanding the self while preserving individuality. This relational autonomy, called ‘ecological autonomy’, underscores interdependence without erasing personal agency. By situating autonomy within ecological networks, the paper demonstrates that flourishing (self-realization) arises from acknowledging and nurturing these connections. Ultimately, Næss’s ecosophy redefines autonomy as inherently relational, offering a pathway for humans to thrive alongside nature. Self-realization, rooted in ontology rather than in ethics, fosters a harmonious coexistence where autonomy and ecological dependence coexist, challenging traditional dichotomies in environmental philosophy.