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Clinical presentation of individuals with human T-Cell leukemia virus type-1 infection in spain Mendoza, Carmen de Eiros Bouza, José María Leucemia de células T adultas HTLV-1 Epidemiología 32 Ciencias Médicas Producción Científica Although only 8%–10% of persons infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may develop virus-associated diseases lifelong, misdiagnosis of asymptomatic infected carriers frequently leads to late diagnoses. Methods: A nationwide HTLV-1 register was created in Spain in 1989. A total of 351 infected persons had been reported by the end of 2017. We examined all new HTLV-1 diagnoses during the last decade and compared their clinical presentation. Results: A total of 247 individuals with HTLV-1 infection had been reported in Spain since year 2008. The incidence has remained stable with 20–25 new diagnoses yearly. Women represented 62%. Only 12% were native Spaniards, most of whom were foreigners from Latin America (72.5%). Up to 57 (23%) individuals presented clinically with HTLV-1-associated conditions, including subacute myelopathy (n = 24; 42.1%), T-cell lymphoma (n = 19; 33.3%), or Strongyloides stercoralis infestation (n = 8; 14%). Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 diagnosis had been made either at blood banks (n = 109; 44%) or at clinics (n = 138; 56%). It is interesting to note that Spaniards and especially Africans were overrepresented among patients presenting with HTLV-1-associated illnesses, suggesting that misdiagnosis and late presentation are more frequent in these populations compared to Latin Americans. Conclusions: Given that 23% of new HTLV-1 diagnoses in Spain are symptomatic, underdiagnosis must be common. Although screening in blood banks mostly identifies asymptomatic Latin American carriers, a disproportionately high number of Spaniards and Africans are unveiled too late, that is, they already suffer from classic HTLV-1 illnesses. 2021-02-23T10:52:24Z 2021-02-23T10:52:24Z 2019 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion De Mendoza, Carmen, [et al.].Clinical presentation of individuals with human T-Cell leukemia virus type-1 infection in spain, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2019, vol. 6, n.2 2328-8957 http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/45358 10.1093/ofid/ofz036 2 Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6 2328-8957 eng https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/6/2/ofz036/5290444 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Oxford University Press application/pdf Oxford University Press https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/45358/4/Clinical-presentation-individuals%20.pdf.jpg Hispana TEXT http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ UVaDOC. Repositorio Documental de la Universidad de Valladolid http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/45358