2026-05-05T18:37:27Zhttps://uvadoc.uva.es/oai/request
oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/527372022-04-19T20:46:23Zcom_10324_40357com_10324_952com_10324_894com_10324_1138com_10324_931col_10324_40358col_10324_1226
UVaDOC author Blanco Vázquez, Marta author Vázquez Hernández, Amanda author Fernández Martínez, Itziar author Novo Díez, Andrea author Martínez Plaza, Elena author García Vázquez, Carmen author González García, María Jesús author Sobas Abad, Eva María author Calonge, Margarita author Enriquez De Salamanca Aladro, Amalia 2022-03-30T11:16:08Z 2022-03-30T11:16:08Z 2022 Experimental Eye Research, 2022, vol. 19, 109057 0014-4835 https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/52737 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109057 The purpose of this study was to analyze inflammation- and pain-related molecules in tears of patients suffering from chronic ocular pain associated with dry eye (DE) and/or a previous corneal refractive surgery (RS). Based on history, symptomatology, and clinical signs, the subjects (n = 180, 51.0 ± 14.7 years, 118 females, 62 males) in this cross-sectional study were assigned to one of five groups: DE and chronic ocular pain after RS (P/DE-RS, n = 52); asymptomatic subjects, i.e., without DE and chronic ocular pain, after RS (A-RS, n = 30); DE and chronic ocular pain without previous RS (P/DE-nonRS, n = 31); DE, no pain, and no previous RS (DE-nonRS, n = 35); and asymptomatic subjects with no previous RS (controls, n = 32). The tear concentrations of 20 cytokines and substance P (SP) were analyzed by immunobead-based assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We found that tear levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and SP were increased in the RS groups. There were significant differences in IL-8/CXCL8 among the five groups. Nerve growth factor (NGF) tear levels were significantly higher in P/DE-RS than in DE-nonRS and controls. IL-9 had the highest percentage of detection in the P/DE-RS and P/DE-nonRS groups, while macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-γ were higher in the P/DE-RS, A-RS, and P/DE-nonRS groups. IL-17A was detected only in the A-RS group. Moderate correlations were observed in the A-RS, P/DE-nonRS, DE-nonRS and controls groups. A positive correlation was obtained between growth related oncogene concentration and tear break-up time (rho = 0.550; p = 0.012), while negative correlation was found between monocyte chemoattractant protein-3/CCL7 and conjunctival staining (rho = −0.560; p = 0.001), both in the A-RS group. IL-10 correlated positively with ocular pain intensity (rho = 0.513; p = 0.003) in the P/DE-nonRS group. Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted/CCL5 correlated negatively with conjunctival staining (rho = −0.545; p = 0.001) in the DE-nonRS group. SP correlated negatively with corneal staining (rho = −0.559; p = 0.001) in the controls. In conclusion, chronic ocular pain was associated with higher IL-9 tear levels. IL-10, SP, MIP-1α/CCL3, IL-2, and IFN-γ were associated with previous RS. Higher levels of IL-8/CXCL8, MIP-1α/CCL3, IL-2, and IFN-γ were associated with DE-related inflammation, while NGF levels were related to chronic ocular pain and DE in RS patients. These findings suggest that improved knowledge of tear cytokines and neuromodulators will lead to a more nuanced understanding of how these molecules can serve as biomarkers of chronic ocular pain, leading to better therapeutic and disease management decisions. eng Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Inflammation-related molecules in tears of patients with chronic ocular pain and dry eye disease info:eu-repo/semantics/article URL https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/52737/1/Inflammation-related-molecules.pdf File MD5 825dc3fb5ffa048a4574c9739546a7d7 997671 application/pdf Inflammation-related-molecules.pdf