<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-27T22:00:39Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/61292" metadataPrefix="dim">https://uvadoc.uva.es/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/61292</identifier><datestamp>2023-08-31T19:01:33Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_10324_1168</setSpec><setSpec>com_10324_931</setSpec><setSpec>com_10324_894</setSpec><setSpec>col_10324_1302</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" authority="0f4740c0-7e53-403f-b7f7-0b52b2e38c8a" confidence="500" orcid_id="">El bahja, Hicham</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" authority="d852713a-fc24-4d7d-ac2f-ca170ea84565">Vega, Pastora</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" authority="57026b7d96aff43c" confidence="600" orcid_id="0000-0002-4046-3136">Tadeo Rico, Fernando Juan</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2023-08-31T11:47:43Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2023-08-31T11:47:43Z</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2022</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="citation" lang="es">Processes,  2022, Vol. 10, Nº. 9, 1821</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="issn" lang="es">2227-9717</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/61292</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="doi" lang="es">10.3390/pr10091821</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="publicationfirstpage" lang="es">1821</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="publicationissue" lang="es">9</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="publicationtitle" lang="es">Processes</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="publicationvolume" lang="es">10</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="essn" lang="es">2227-9717</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="es">Producción Científica</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="es">In this paper, a technique that integrates methods of dynamic economic optimization and real-time control by including economic model predictive control and closed-loop predictive control has been developed, using a two-layer structure. The upper layer, which consists of an economic nonlinear MPC (NMPC), makes use of the updated state information to optimize some economic cost indices and calculates in real time the economically optimal trajectories for the process states. The lower layer uses a closed-loop nonlinear GPC (NCLGPC) to calculate the control actions that allow for the outputs of the process to follow the trajectories received from the upper layer. This paper also includes the theoretical demonstration proving that the deviation between the state of the closed-loop system and the economically time varying trajectory provided by the upper layer is bounded, thus guaranteeing stability. The proposed approach is based on the use of nonlinear models to describe all the relevant process dynamics and cover a wide operating range, providing accurate predictions and guaranteeing the performance of the control systems. In particular, the methodology is implemented in the N-Removal process of a WWTP and the results demonstrate that the method is effective and can be used profitably in practical cases such as the chemical, refinery and petrochemical process industries.</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="project" lang="es">Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad - (project DPI2015- 67341C21R)</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="project" lang="es">Junta de Castilla y Leon y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (grants CLU 2017-09 and UIC 233)</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="mimetype" lang="es">application/pdf</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="es">eng</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="es">MDPI</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="accessRights" lang="es">info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="uri" lang="*">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="holder" lang="es">© 2022 The Authors</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" lang="*">Atribución 4.0 Internacional</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Optimization</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Economic theory</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Economics, Mathematical</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Econometrics</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Nonlinear control theory</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Control no lineal, Teoria de</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Wastewater treatment plant</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Aguas residuales - Depuración y tratamiento</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Process control</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Control de procesos</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Control and Systems Theory</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="es">Control digital, Sistemas de</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="classification" lang="es">Economic process optimization</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="classification" lang="es">Optimización de procesos económicos</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="unesco" lang="es">5302 Econometría</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="unesco" lang="es">1203.22 Sistema de Control de Producción</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="es">Integrating dynamic economic optimization and nonlinear closed-loop GPC: Application to a WWTP</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" lang="es">info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" qualifier="hasVersion" lang="es">info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="relation" qualifier="publisherversion" lang="es">https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/10/9/1821</dim:field>
<dim:field mdschema="dc" element="peerreviewed" lang="es">SI</dim:field>
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