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<mods:namePart>López De La Rosa, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>González García, María Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Piñero Llorens, David P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Molina Martín, Ainhoa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Martínez Plaza, Elena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateAccessioned encoding="iso8601">2025-03-08T10:34:07Z</mods:dateAccessioned>
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<mods:dateAvailable encoding="iso8601">2025-03-08T10:34:07Z</mods:dateAvailable>
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<mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2024</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:identifier type="citation">EDULEARN24 Proceedings, 2024, p. 2050-2054.</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="uri">https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/75271</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="doi">10.21125/edulearn.2024.0598</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="publicationfirstpage">2050</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="publicationlastpage">2054</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="publicationvolume">1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="essn">2340-1117</mods:identifier>
<mods:abstract>Introduction: Corneal topography is a technique that analyses the geometry of the cornea. It is used to&#xd;
detect ocular pathologies, fit contact lenses, and assist in refractive surgery. Learning the interpretation&#xd;
of corneal topographies is a complex task and highly depends on the availability of data from real&#xd;
subjects. The aim of this study was to develop an interactive simulator of corneal topography and&#xd;
evaluate its implementation as a learning tool for university students.&#xd;
Methods: The development of the interactive simulator of corneal topography was divided into two parts.&#xd;
First, we generated images that simulated corneal topographies, covering the ranges of normal corneas,&#xd;
by using trigonometric formulas and RStudio. And second, we created a platform that enables interaction&#xd;
through buttons and slider bars. This functionality allows users to select the corneal radius, toricity,&#xd;
astigmatism axis, eccentricity, and scale type (absolute or relative) for each simulated corneal&#xd;
topography. The final version was made available to all third-year students at the Optometry degree of&#xd;
the University of Valladolid (30 students). Finally, an anonymous survey was conducted, composed of&#xd;
8 questions with the Likert scale (from 1, “totally disagree”, to 5, “totally agree”) and 1 yes/no question.&#xd;
The questions involved the intuitiveness, concept and interpretation understanding, utility, satisfaction,&#xd;
and recommendation for future use.&#xd;
Results: From the 30 students (8 males and 22 females, with a mean age of 21.1±1.0 years), 25 students&#xd;
anonymously answered the survey. The Likert type question with the lowest score was “The simulator&#xd;
has helped me correct some misunderstanding errors in concepts that I thought I had understood”,&#xd;
whose median and interquartile range was 3.0 [3.0-4.0]; the question with the highest score was “The&#xd;
simulator is a useful learning tool to complement the rest of the tools used in class”, whose result was&#xd;
5.0 [4.0-5.0]; and the 6 remaining Likert type questions obtained the same result, 4.0 [4.0-5.0]. The 25&#xd;
students answered “yes” to recommending the use of the simulator for future students.&#xd;
Conclusions: The developed interactive simulator of corneal topography is a valuable tool for teaching&#xd;
corneal topography within university specialties, such as Optometry and Ophthalmology. The positive&#xd;
feedback from the Optometry students, highlighting their positive experiences at all levels, strongly&#xd;
supports its implementation as a learning tool.</mods:abstract>
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<mods:languageTerm authority="rfc3066">eng</mods:languageTerm>
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<mods:title>Design and implementation of an interactive simulator of corneal topography as a learning tool</mods:title>
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