2026-04-28T19:01:54Zhttps://uvadoc.uva.es/oai/request

oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/800652025-12-18T12:08:01Zcom_10324_1191com_10324_931com_10324_894col_10324_1379

Anzola Rojas, Camilo Miguel Jiménez, Ignacio de Merayo Álvarez, Noemí Aguado Manzano, Juan Carlos Lorenzo Toledo, Rubén Mateo Durán Barroso, Ramón José 2025-11-25T10:26:42Z 2025-11-25T10:26:42Z 2025 Vehicular Communications, 2025, vol. 56, p. 100975 2214-2096 https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80065 10.1016/j.vehcom.2025.100975 100975 Vehicular Communications 56 Producción Científica A fundamental component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is connectivity. For connected vehicles to be aware of events occurring nearby, or even far from them, roadside infrastructure is essential. Roadside Units (RSUs) are electronic equipment placed along highways to provide connectivity and share data with vehicles, other RSUs, and networks. Connected vehicles require wireless communication with RSUs; however, depending on the complexity of tasks and the number of users, spectrum resources may be insufficient to handle all required communication between vehicles, RSUs and external networks. Since RSUs are stationary, optical fiber is an ideal technology for interconnecting them and linking them to the Internet and the cloud, providing reliable, high-performance connectivity, with low signal attenuation and high bandwidth. This paper proposes a model for deploying fiber networks to connect RSUs, with a focus on minimizing capital expenditures, including costs for civil works, cables, and devices, which are critical considerations given the large distances involved. Specifically, we consider and compare two established optical network technologies: point-to-point (PtP) and passive optical networks (PON). To support this comparison, we present and test two novel Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulations: one for PtP and one for PON. Additionally, we introduce a genetic algorithm that improves upon a previously proposed heuristic, achieving near-optimal results comparable to the ILP formulation, while efficiently solving large-scale scenarios. The results show that the optimal choice between PtP and PON depends on the deployment area and density of RSUs. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) / Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI): PID2023-148104OB-C41 (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 /FEDER,EU) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) / Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI): PID2020-112675RB-C42 (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) application/pdf eng Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ © 2025 The Author(s) Atribución 4.0 Internacional Networks Optical fiber Passive optical networks Roadside units Vehicles Communications 33 Ciencias Tecnológicas Optimizing road side units connectivity in intelligent transportation systems with optical network solutions info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214209625001020 SI