2026-04-28T19:50:17Zhttps://uvadoc.uva.es/oai/request
oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/810352026-01-08T07:55:37Zcom_10324_1159com_10324_931com_10324_894col_10324_1310
UVaDOC author López García Rosuero, Marina author Arranz Bombín, Alejandro author Romero Oraa, Roberto author Hornero Sánchez, Roberto author Martín Herranz, Raúl 2025-12-23T16:58:22Z 2025-12-23T16:58:22Z 2022 PeerJ. 2022; 23;10:e14068 https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81035 10.7717/peerj.14068 e14068 PeerJ 10 2167-8359 Background: Orthokeratology (ortho-k) is an overnight clinical contact lens wear technique to correct myopia and to reduce myopia progression wearing reverse-geometry rigid gas-permeable lenses. The lens fitting procedure in clinical practice usually requires subjective assessment of fluorescein pattern (fluorescein "bull's eye" pattern). The aim of this study was to develop a novel tool for fluorescein pattern measurements to reduce subjective practitioner dependency, especially in inexperienced practitioners, in ortho-k practice. Methods: A new MATLAB customized algorithm to measure the horizontal width of the four main zones of ortho-k fluorescein patterns (central bearing, tear reservoir, mid-peripheral bearing and edge lift) was designed. The algorithm was tested on a small image database consisting of 26 ortho-k fluorescein pattern images of 13 volunteers fitted with reverse geometry lenses (Seefree, Conoptica-Hecht Contactlinsen). The agreement between two independent observers and the ImageJ measurements was determined. Results: The new clinical tool provided similar measurements to ImageJ software for the central bearing (4.20 ± 0.74 and 4.27 ± 0.69 mm; P = 0.21), tear reservoir (1.69 ± 0.41 and 1.69 ± 0.45 mm; P = 0.69), mid-peripheral bearing (1.17 ± 0.11 and 1.13 ± 0.10 mm; P < 0.01) and edge lift (0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.06 mm; P = 0.81) zones. Good agreement between the software (limits of agreement lower than ±0.55 mm) and inter-observer measurements (limits of agreement lower than ±0.66 mm) was found. Conclusions: The proposed clinical tool for semiautomatic fluorescein pattern measurements in ortho-k could help to reduce practitioner dependency in fluorescein pattern assessment with future potential to introduce prediction algorithms or artificial intelligence methods in myopia control management. spa Optometria Clinical tool to measure fluorescein patterns in orthokeratology info:eu-repo/semantics/article 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 URL https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/81035/1/82%20AlgoritmoOrtoK%20PeerJ.pdf File MD5 eba0473c0bd6c99e02b6b5985a46fdf5 8224224 application/pdf 82 AlgoritmoOrtoK PeerJ.pdf