2024-03-28T16:30:39Zhttps://uvadoc.uva.es/oai/requestoai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/408352021-06-23T11:47:41Zcom_10324_1183com_10324_931com_10324_894col_10324_1396
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Vainio, Eeva J.
author
Bezos García, Diana
author
Bragança, Helena
author
Cleary, Michelle
author
Fourie, Gerda
author
Georgieva, Margarita
author
Ghelardini, Luisa
author
Hannunen, Salla
author
Ioos, Renaud
author
Martín García, Jorge
author
Martínez Álvarez, Pablo
author
Mullett, Martin
author
Oszako, Tomasz
author
Papazova Anakieva, Irena
author
Piškur, Barbara
author
Romeralo Tapia, Carmen
author
Sanz Ros, Antonio Vicente
author
Steenkamp, Emma T.
author
Tubby, Katherine
author
Wingfield, Michael J.
author
Díez Casero, Julio Javier
author
2019
Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnel is listed among the species recommended for
regulation as quarantine pests in Europe. Over 60 Pinus species are susceptible to the pathogen and
it also causes disease on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and species in genera
such as Picea and Larix. The European Food Safety Authority considers the probability of new
introductions—via contaminated seeds, wood material, soil and growing substrates, natural means
and human activities—into the EU very likely. Due to early detection, constant surveillance and
control measures, F. circinatum outbreaks have officially been eradicated in Italy and France. However,
the global spread of F. circinatum suggests that the pathogen will continue to be encountered in new
environments in the future. Therefore, continuous surveillance of reproductive material, nurseries
and plantations, prompt control measures and realistic contingency plans will be important in Europe
and elsewhere to limit disease spread and the “bridgehead effect”, where new introductions of a tree pathogen become increasingly likely as new environments are invaded, must be considered.
Therefore, survey programs already implemented to limit the spread in Europe and that could
be helpful for other EU countries are summarized in this review. These surveys include not only
countries where pitch canker is present, such as Portugal and Spain, but also several other EU
countries where F. circinatum is not present. Sampling protocols for seeds, seedlings, twigs, branches,
shoots, soil samples, spore traps and insects from different studies are collated and compiled in this
review. Likewise, methodology for morphological and molecular identification is herein presented.
These include conventional PCR with a target-specific region located in the intergenic spacer region,
as well as several real-time PCR protocols, with different levels of specificity and sensitivity. Finally,
the global situation and future perspectives are addressed.
Forests, 2019, vol. 10, n. 9. 27 p.
1999-4907
http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/40835
10.3390/f10090723
Sampling and Detection Strategies for the Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) Disease Pathogen Fusarium circinatum in Europe