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COVID-19 comes 40 years after AIDS - any lesson? Soriano, Vicente Barreiro, Pablo Ramos, José Manuel Eiros Bouza, José María Mendoza, Carmen de The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has hit health-care systems and societies in an unprecedented manner. In 1981, the first cases of AIDS were reported and wide diagnostic testing helped to characterize high-risk groups and the global burden of the epidemic. With Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19, everything has happened too fast and both cases and fatalities are huge but still uncertain in most places. Diagnostic testing of active and past SARS-CoV-2 infections needs to expand rapidly, ideally using rapid tests. COVID-19 deaths are highly concentrated in the elderly population, with a large proportion of fatalities being "with" rather than "by" SARS-CoV-2 infection. They are often the result of inadequate health care due to overwhelming demands. To date, there is no specific therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several antivirals are being tested clinically, including remdesivir, at this time the most promising. For others such as lopinavir/ritonavir, neither significant virological nor clinical benefit has been shown. Given the characteristic pulmonary cytokine storm underlying the pathogenic mechanism of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress, antiinflammatory agents are being investigated. The benefit of orticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, etc., is limited. Monoclonal antibodies targeting different pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin 6 agent, are being tried with encouraging results. Ultimately a protective vaccine will be the best response for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020-12-14T12:22:50Z 2020-12-14T12:22:50Z 2020-12-14T12:22:50Z 2020 info:eu-repo/semantics/article AIDS Reviews, 2020, vol. 22, n.2, p. 63-77 1139-6121 http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/44140 10.24875/AIDSRev.M20000030 63 2 77 Aids Reviews 22 1481-4374 eng https://www.aidsreviews.com/n.php?any=2020&vol=22&num=2&active=2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Permanyer 2020 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Permanyer