2026-05-20T19:30:39Zhttps://uvadoc.uva.es/oai/request

oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/824042026-03-25T09:31:15Zcom_10324_1185com_10324_931com_10324_894col_10324_1346

Moldes Plaza, David 0196451d15200710 600 0000-0002-9904-3056 Vega Alegre, María del Sol 3f9183e19c292fe8 600 0000-0002-3635-7920 Bolado Rodríguez, Silvia a6d562fdd73e2a66 600 0000-0003-0941-3306 Fernández Requejo, Patricia 26cb5b14e62d89bc 600 0000-0002-2492-4027 2026-01-30T11:37:02Z 2026-01-30T11:37:02Z 2026 Molecules, 2026, 31, 483 1420-3049 https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82404 10.3390/molecules31030483 1 483 18 Molecules 31 Producción Científica Photobioreactor-based microalgae cultivation offers an integrated approach for nutrient-rich wastewater treatment while producing valuable biomass. One of the main microalgae components is proteins, making them a biotechnological target. In this work, to develop efficient and greener extraction methodologies, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were evaluated for one-step protein extraction from microalgae cultivated in swine wastewater. Six ATPSs combining two NADES—betaine:levulinic acid (Bet:2LA) and choline chloride:urea (ChCl:2Urea)—and their individual components (Bet or ChCl) with phosphate salts were compared. Systems {NADES + K3PO4 + water} were characterized and reported for the first time. Protein recovery yield (PRY) and selectivity (protein-to-carbohydrate mass ratio, R) were assessed for three extraction times and at room temperature. The ATPS {Bet:2LA + K3PO4 + H2O} achieved a PRY of 16.4% and remarkable selectivity after 30 min (R = 2.17 g/g), with proteins concentrated in the NADES-rich phase, and negligible recovery in the salt-rich phase. Although the maximum PRY (18.2% at 120 min) was achieved with the precursor betaine, the ATPS with Bet:2LA at 30 min offered an optimal balance between efficiency and process time. With a water content of up to 50%, these systems underscore the potential of NADES-based ATPSs as sustainable platforms for protein recovery. This work was supported by Grant PID2023-153356OB-I00, funded by MICIU/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU and by Consejería de Educación of the regional government of Castilla y Leon and ERDF/EU (VA068G24, UIC 338 and CLU-2025-2-06).David Moldes would like to thank the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for his doctorate scholarship (FPU20/02086) application/pdf eng MDPI info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Separation (Technology) Protein extraction Green solvents Biomass valorization Microalgae biomass Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), Protein recovery, Green extraction, Microalgae biomass, Biomass Valorization 3303.04 Separación Química 2301.02 Análisis Bioquímico Mild one-step protein recovery from microalgae cultivated in swine wastewater using natural deep eutectic solvent-based aqueous biphasic systems info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/3/483 SI THUMBNAIL 2026_molecules_ATPS-protein.pdf.jpg 2026_molecules_ATPS-protein.pdf.jpg IM Thumbnail image/jpeg 3257 https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/82404/5/2026_molecules_ATPS-protein.pdf.jpg 48adccbf5960cce1e7d1008b755581c7 MD5 5 LICENSE license.txt license.txt text/plain 3929 https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/82404/4/license.txt 289d98c1665ee0d20312360f0e8643c8 MD5 4 CC-LICENSE license_rdf license_rdf application/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8 817 https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/82404/3/license_rdf 975848b171c53b753f7e445c8b5bc0e1 MD5 3 ORIGINAL 2026_molecules_ATPS-protein.pdf 2026_molecules_ATPS-protein.pdf Artículo application/pdf 1581911 https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/82404/1/2026_molecules_ATPS-protein.pdf 7c91564f9437ff350c8d35e215ed14a7 MD5 1 2026_molecules_ATPS-protein_suplementary material.zip 2026_molecules_ATPS-protein_suplementary material.zip Supplementary material application/zip 259660 https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/10324/82404/2/2026_molecules_ATPS-protein_suplementary%20material.zip d5bd43a557e5cb7e4cd05eeeb8cc5dd1 MD5 2 10324/82404 oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/82404 2026-03-25 10:31:15.307 UVaDOC repositorio@uva.es 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