RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Balance de una década de regulación de los grandes establecimientos comerciales en España A1 Villarejo Galende, María Elena A2 Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid K1 Urbanismo AB Retail laws come out to solve the problems generated by new trade formats. First, they were similar to the French model, the law Royer, in order to control the growth of the superstores. Later, Retail Planning began, with Retail Equipment Plans to fit uses of land and Plans for the modernization of retail systems to modify networks of existing stores, giving grants to retailers. The reasons for the retail policies are based on commercial purposes and they are not connected to urban or territorial planning. The Bolkestein guidelines, dated 2006, removed obstacles for locations of large firms in fixed places. Authorizations for new retail locations must respect general interest, trying to reach enterprise efficiency. Government policies have also originated unexpected effects, like decreasing hypermarkets, increasing retail parks and supermarkets, and encouraging enterprises concentration. SN 1133-6579 YR 2007 FD 2007 LK http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/10277 UL http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/10277 LA spa NO Ciudades: Revista del Instituto Universitario de Urbanística de la Universidad de Valladolid, 2007, N.10, pags.39-66 DS UVaDOC RD 25-abr-2024