RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 A review of I–V tracers for photovoltaic modules: Topologies and challenges A1 Morales Aragonés, José Ignacio A1 Dávila Sacoto, Miguel A1 Gonzalez Morales, Luis G. A1 Alonso Gómez, Víctor A1 Gallardo Saavedra, Sara A1 Hernández Callejo, Luis K1 DC-to-DC converters K1 Renewable energy resources K1 Tecnología fotovoltaica K1 Photovoltaic power systems K1 Energía fotovoltáica K1 Convertidores eléctricos K1 I–V tracer K1 Variable resistor tracer K1 Rastreador de resistencia variable K1 Capacitive charge tracer K1 Rastreador de carga capacitiva K1 Electronic load tracer K1 Rastreador de carga electrónico K1 Bipolar power amplifier tracer K1 2106.01 Energía Solar AB Current–voltage (I–V) curve tracers are used for measuring voltage and current in photovoltaic (PV) modules. I–V curves allow identifying certain faults in the photovoltaic module, as well as quantifying the power performance of the device. I–V curve tracers are present in different topologies and configurations, by means of rheostats, capacitive loads, electronic loads, transistors, or by means of DC–DC converters. This article focuses on presenting all these configurations. The paper shows the electrical parameters to which the electronic elements of the equipment are exposed using LTSpice, facilitating the appropriate topology selection. Additionally, a comparison has been included between the different I–V tracers’ topologies, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, considering different factors such as their flexibility, modularity, cost, precision, speed or rating, as well as the characteristics of the different DC–DC converters. PB MDPI SN 2079-9292 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/59759 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/59759 LA eng NO Electronics, 2021, Vol. 10, Nº. 11, 1283 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 17-may-2024