RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Debt, or not debt, that is the question: A Shakespearean question to a corporate decision A1 Saona, Pablo A1 Vallelado González, Eleuterio A1 San Martin, Pablo K1 Sociedades - Deudas K1 Zero-debt K1 Capital structure K1 Panel data K1 Credit rationing K1 Agency conflicts K1 5303.01 Contabilidad Financiera AB Capital structure theories are unable to properly explain the zero-debt puzzle, frequently observed in firms around the world. Our paper’s contribution is to identify the variables that measure either firm’s characteristics or environmental effects, in order to explain why firms have and eventually keep a debt-free policy. Our study includes a comprehensive sample of firms from 47 countries in the period 1996–2014. Our results indicate that all equity companies are small, with no growth opportunities, with a low level of tangible assets, high proportion of liquid assets, profitable, and with diluted insider ownership. Furthermore, it is more probable to find low levels of debt in countries with good governance indicators or when the economy is not growing. PB Elsevier SN 0148-2963 YR 2020 FD 2020 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/68066 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/68066 LA eng NO Journal of Business Research, julio 2020, vol. 115, p. 378-392 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 06-abr-2025