RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article
T1 Development and validation of a green analytical method for determining fourteen bisphenols in bee pollen by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
A1 Ares Sacristán, Ana María
A1 Alcaide, Lucía
A1 Bernal Yagüe, José Luis
A1 Valverde Bastardo, Silvia
K1 Bee pollen
K1 Bisphenols
K1 Food analysis
K1 Food Safety
K1 Green analytical chemistry
K1 Method validation
K1 Risk assessment
K1 Sample treatment
K1 UHPLC-MS/MS
AB A new analytical method was developed and validated to determine fourteen bisphenols (A, B, C, E, F, M, P, S, Z, AF, AP, BP, FL, PH) in bee pollen using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Two different sample treatments were proposed and evaluated: one based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged & safe) approach and the other utilizing microextraction with a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS). In both cases, average analyte recovery ranged between 71 % and 114 %, and the matrix effect was between −45 % and +5 %, although it was not significant when using the QuEChERS-based method (<±20 %). The environmental impact of both sample treatments was assessed using different analytical metrics, with both procedures classified as environmentally friendly, though slightly better results were obtained for SUPRAS. The method was fully validated, showing that the QuEChERS approach had better overall performance, particularly regarding sensitivity and matrix effect. Consequently, the QuEChERS methodology was applied to determine bisphenols in thirty bee pollen samples from different Spanish regions. Residues of three bisphenols (M, P, and S) were detected, although only bisphenol S was quantified in several samples at low concentration levels (<7 μg kg−1), which is below the established specific migration limit (SML; 50 μg kg−1). However, regarding human health, the estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, and hazard index assessed were higher than acceptable limits, suggesting a potential risk for human consumers.
PB Elsevier
SN 0963-9969
YR 2024
FD 2024
LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73296
UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73296
LA eng
NO Food Research International, noviembre 2024, vol. 195, 114955
NO Producción Científica
DS UVaDOC
RD 22-ene-2025