RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 A biorefinery approach for the valorization of spent coffee grounds to produce antioxidant compounds and biobutanol A1 López Linares, Juan Carlos A1 García Cubero, María Teresa A1 Coca Sanz, Mónica A1 Lucas Yagüe, Susana K1 Antioxidant compounds; Biobutanol; Biorefinery; Microwave assisted extraction; Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES); Spent coffee grounds K1 23 Química 33 Ciencias Tecnológicas AB Spent coffee grounds (SCG) has been proposed as a potential material within the biorefinery context. The optimization of the microwave assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), a promising green solvent, was conducted in this study. Under the optimal extraction conditions (120 °C, 15 min, 20% water in NADES and 0.53 ChCl:Glyc molar ratio), the obtained extract contained: total phenolic content (TPC), 0.48 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 SCG, coumaric acid being the most abundant; total flavonoid content (TFC), 0.44 mg of catechin equivalents (CE) g−1 SCG; antioxidant activities: DPPH, 0.55 mg trolox equivalents (TE) g−1 SCG; ABTS, 3.17 mg TE g−1 SCG; and FRAP, 1.52 mg TE g−1 SCG. Moreover, the residual NADES extracted SCG was microwave pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid, enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented by Clostridium beijerinckii, generating 7.1 g L−1 butanol (81 kg butanol t−1 SCG and 126 kg acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) t−1 SCG). In this way, SCG displayed its potential as a source to be used in an integrated biorefinery approach. PB ELSEVIER SN 1873-2909 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73975 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/73975 LA eng NO Biomass and Bioenergy, abril 2021, 147, 106026 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 22-ene-2025