RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 A three-pronged method to analyse pre-service teachers’ understanding and epistemic reasoning about soil A1 Corrochano, Diego A1 Zuazagoitia, Daniel A1 Eugenio Gozalbo, Marcia A1 Monferrer, Lidón A1 Ortega Cubero, Inés A1 Ruiz González, Aritz A1 Aragón, Lourdes K1 Soil education; soil literacy; mental models; expressed models; early teacher training AB Pre-service teachers’ mental models of the nature of soil were investigatedin a sample of 181 students from four different Spanish universities, usingthree different methodological approaches: a phenomenographic analysisof definitions, a categorisation of labelled-drawings and the analysis ofanswers to a questionnaire consisting of both open- and closed-endedquestions. Based on the phenomenographic analysis, four explanatorycategories were defined: paedological (soil as a highly complex system);anthropocentric (soil from a utilitarian point of view); structural (soil asa layer of Earth) and naive view (soil as a surface of unknown compositionand function). The most represented category in the studied sample wasthe structural one. Based on the questionnaire and the drawing analysis,students have some notions about soil composition, but their understatingof its origin and degradation processes is scarce. No significant correlationwas found between the analyses conducted using the threedifferent instruments, thus indicating the need to use differentapproaches to better understand students’ conceptions and their ‘intermediate’epistemic models of soil. Finally, some implications for soileducation are discussed. PB Taylor & Francis YR 2023 FD 2023 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/74619 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/74619 LA eng NO Diego Corrochano, Daniel Zuazagoitia, Marcia Eugenio-Gozalbo, Lidón Monferrer, Inés Ortega-Cubero, Aritz Ruiz-González & Lourdes Aragón (14 Dec 2023): A three- pronged method to analyse pre-service teachers’ understanding and epistemic reasoning about soil, Journal of Biological Education, DOI: 10.1080/00219266.2023.2282430 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 23-abr-2025