RT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
T1 Educación sexual en adolescentes de Castilla y León. Estado actual e intervención en familias
A1 Viñas Hernández, Mónica
A2 Universidad de Valladolid. Escuela de Doctorado
K1 Educación sexual
K1 Adolescent
K1 Adolescente
K1 Sex Education
K1 Educación Sexual
K1 58 Pedagogía
AB Adolescence is a stage of physical, psychological, and social changes that includes the development of sexual maturity and the evolution of family bonds. Sexuality is intensely manifested during this period, with the onset of sexual relationships, the exploration of new ways of relating, and the consolidation of sexual identity. However, this stage also involves risks such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies, dangers associated with pornography consumption, and child sexual abuse. Social media and other forms of communication have a dual impact: they can act as educational tools or pose a threat to sexual health. In Castilla y León, adolescents typically begin engaging in sexual intercourse around mid-adolescence. Although condoms are the most commonly used contraceptive, many adolescents do not use them consistently, and voluntary pregnancy terminations are high among older adolescents. Comprehensive Sexual Education (CSE) is key to mitigating these risks, but in this region, it is not part of a common curriculum or specific subject. While schools do provide some Sexual Education, teacher training on these topics is limited. The main objective is to explain the situation of Sexual Education among adolescents in Castilla y León and develop an intervention targeting families. The study analyzed the state of Sexual Education and the sexual habits of adolescents in the region, exploring the most relevant sources of information and designing an intervention program for families. A questionnaire was administered to 513 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, distributed across all provinces in the region. Those who were not enrolled in school or declined to participate were excluded. The study followed a mixed descriptive cross-sectional design. The results showed that mothers are the primary source of sexual information for adolescents, followed by peers, the internet, social networks, and fathers. Friendships and digital platforms became more relevant in older adolescents, while fathers played a more significant role at younger ages. Most adolescents expressed a desire to receive Sexual Education at their schools, although they rated their satisfaction with the education they had received as moderate. The average age of first sexual intercourse aligns with previous studies, but non-coital sexual practices were found to start earlier, especially in younger generations. Deficiencies were identified in the use of contraceptive methods: a significant proportion of adolescents did not use them consistently when needed. While condoms were the most common method, alternative options, such as daily birth control pills, were rarely used. The main reasons for not using contraceptives included lack of availability and the type of sexual practice.Given the significant role of parents in Sexual Education, a Health Education (HE) program was developed for families using the Genially® platform. The objective was to increase their knowledge of sexuality, improve the frequency and quality of conversations with their children, and enhance their confidence in these interactions. Six asynchronous online sessions were conducted, with pre- and post-tests to assess the impact. A total of 67 participants (40 women and 27 men) completed the program, showing significant improvements in general sexual knowledge and adolescent-specific sexual knowledge. The frequency and confidence in conversations about sexuality with their children also increased. Qualitatively, there was an increase in responses related to "positive feelings" and a decrease in "doubts," "negative feelings," and "disinterest" from both parents and children. These results reflect the achievement of the program’s objectives and support the effectiveness of involving families in CSE.
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/75330
UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/75330
LA spa
NO Escuela de Doctorado
DS UVaDOC
RD 02-abr-2025