RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Enemy at the Gates: Self-defense Strategies and Measures Taken by the Rural Communities of the Visconti State in the 14th Century A1 Romanoni, Fabio A2 Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid K1 Medieval warfare K1 Medieval arms K1 Duchy of Milan K1 War studies K1 Medieval History K1 Edad Media AB An enemy’s approach was a fairly common and extremely dangerous occurrence for both urban and rural residents during the Middle Ages and beyond. To limit the damage that the enemies could inflict on the territory the lords, the officers of the Visconti, the authorities of the cities and the communities of the countryside devised a series of measures. The most common were the rise of guards and garrisons in city fortifications, castles and settlements in the countryside; nevertheless, they also used stratagems such as sound signals, smoke or spies to monitor the approach of enemies and prepare the necessary countermeasures. It is a fairly broad topic that has not been investigated, at least in the Italian context., For convenience, this article will examine and analyse the information collected within the communities controlled by the Visconti in the fourteenth century. SN 2530-6448 YR 2025 FD 2025 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76628 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/76628 LA eng NO Edad Media. Revista de Historia; Núm. 26 (2025) pags. 155-173 DS UVaDOC RD 29-jul-2025