RT info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis T1 Investigación-acción y pensamiento en la formación permanente del profesorado. A1 Caballero San José, César A2 Universidad de Valladolid. Escuela de Doctorado K1 Educación K1 Continuous development K1 Formación permanente K1 Action research K1 Investigación-acción K1 Reflection K1 Reflexión K1 Thinking routines K1 Rutinas de pensamiento K1 58 Pedagogía AB This thesis aims to find solutions to teachers’ training needs through the Rutin-nova Project, which employs participatory action research as both a research and training methodology, while using thinking routines and skills to guide collaborative teacher reflections. Over two academic years, multiple cycles of action research were conducted, alternating between training sessions, practical application, and reflective discussions. The project was implemented in three educational centers in the province of Valladolid, involving 82 participating teachers. Data collection techniques included interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, while the instruments used comprised questionnaires, focus groups, the researcher’s diary, and the thinking routines and skills developed by teachers throughout the project.Based on the findings, a set of ten key aspects has been formulated to guide the design of continuous professional development programs. These aspects emphasize the importance of engaging and fostering collaboration among teachers, adapting training to their specific contexts and needs, ensuring practical application, maintaining a duration long enough to foster change without causing fatigue or demotivation, and securing support from training advisors, school leadership teams, and educational authorities. The results indicate that action research is a highly effective professional development approach, as it facilitates the practical application of content and promotes collaborative reflection. Furthermore, the strategic use of thinking routines and skills has enhanced teachers’ reflective processes, leading to more effective thinking and improvements in their teaching practices.As a final outcome, the Rutin-nova 2.0 Proposal has been developed. This tool aims to guide teachers seeking to initiate change processes by providing a structured list of actions and recommendations to consider. YR 2025 FD 2025 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/77729 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/77729 LA spa NO Escuela de Doctorado DS UVaDOC RD 05-feb-2026