RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Conceptual and methodological issues in estimating the success of ecological restoration A1 Marchand, Lilian A1 Castagneyrol, Bastien A1 Jiménez, Juan J. A1 Rey Benayas, Jose M. A1 Benot, Marie-Lise A1 Martínez-Ruiz, Carolina A1 Alday, Josu G. A1 Jaunatre, Renaud A1 Dutoit, Thierry A1 Buisson, Elise A1 Mench, Michel A1 Alard, Didier A1 Corcket, Emmanuel A1 Comin, Francisco AB Ecological restoration (ER) of terrestrial ecosystems has become widespread in past decades. However, assessing its success is complex mainly due to the diversity of objectives pursued, actions undertaken but also statistical methods for treating data. We demonstrate here that, due to the heterogeneity of collected data, the success of restoration actions can be overestimated in meta-analyses. We advocate analyzing distinctly two types of actions in ER, those aiming at increasing an ecosystem attribute (e.g. species richness of a native plant species, ER+), and those aiming at decreasing it (e.g. invasive species cover, ER-). We also suggest that only one index for assessing the success of a restoration action is not enough. We propose here to complete RR (Remaining Recovery) by a novel index informing on ‘what has been restored by comparison to what should have been recovered’: the ‘Achieved Restoration’ index (AR). PB Elsevier SN 1470-160X YR 2021 FD 2021 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80233 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/80233 LA eng NO Ecological Indicators, 2021, vol. 123, 107362 DS UVaDOC RD 02-dic-2025