RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Identifying the “Hands” (and the “Ears”) of the Mesopotamian lilissu-Kettledrum A1 Sánchez Muñoz, Daniel K1 Arqueomusicología K1 Lengua acadia K1 Epigrafía cuneiforme K1 Mesopotamia K1 Timbales K1 Rituales K1 Mesopotamia K1 Comentarios rituales K1 Timbales K1 Período Tardobabilónico K1 Manos K1 Orejas K1 6203.06 Música, Musicología K1 55 Historia K1 5502 Historia General K1 5101.10 Religión K1 5506.21 Historia de las Religiones K1 5101 Antropología Cultural K1 5505.10 Filología K1 5505.03 Epigrafía K1 5504.01 Historia Antigua K1 5505.01 Arqueología K1 6202.01 Crítica de Textos K1 5506.13 Historia de la Literatura AB This article deals with the identification of some “hands” related to the lilissu Mesopotamian cultic kettledrum. So far, Assyriologists have identified them in four different ways: as handles, tuning bolts, drumsticks, or as ritual figurines placed inside the kettle of this drum. After philological, iconographic, musicological, and crosscultural evaluations, this article concludes that the identification with figurines is the most appropriate. Specifically, it is argued here that these hands would represent the gods sent to the underworld by Marduk when he became the new divine ruler of the universe. Taking advantage of this debate, the present article also argues that some “ears” of the lilissu would denote handles that helped the kalû-priest to lift and play the drum while standing. PB The University of Chicago Press Journals SN 0022-2968 YR 2025 FD 2025-04 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81760 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/81760 LA eng NO Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 2025, vol. 84, n. 1, p. 65-76 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 18-ene-2026