RT info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper T1 The Development of the Deep Seabed Mining Regime by the International Seabed Authority: From Exploration to Exploitation A1 SALAMANCA AGUADO, MARIA ESTHER A2 Academy of European Law European Society of International Law Paper K1 Common Heritage of Mankind – Deep Seabed Mining – International Seabed Authority – Exploitation Regulations – Sustainable Development Goals – Marine Environment – BBNJ – Clean energy transition – Regional Environmental Management Plans. K1 5603.02 Derecho del Mar AB During the first period of functioning, between the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1994) and the approval of the first plan of work for exploitation, the International Seabed Authority has mainly carried out regulatory functions to allow the realization of activities of prospecting and exploration of deep-sea minerals resources of the Area. Currently, the Authority is moving to the regulation of exploitation of critical minerals in clean energy transition. The successes of its normative work will depend on how it understands and addresses four main challenges: transparency, (legal, technical, financial and scientific) uncertainty, (legal) integrity, and (social) accountability. SN 1831-4066 YR 2022 FD 2022 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82194 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82194 LA eng NO Salamanca, M. E. (2022). The development of the deep seabed mining regime by the Inter- national Seabed Authority: From exploration to exploitation (EUI, LAW, AEL Working Paper No. 11). European University Institute. DS UVaDOC RD 26-ene-2026