RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Climate vulnerability and market volatility: Evidence from European firms A1 Enríquez Perales, Sarela A1 García Gómez, Conrado Diego A1 Díez Esteban, José María K1 Climate vulnerability K1 Climate risk K1 Stock return volatility K1 Financial constraints K1 Equity markets K1 Europe K1 5312 Economía Sectorial AB This study examines the association between country-level climate vulnerability and firm-levelstock return volatility in Europe. Using panel data on 490 listed firms across 17 Europeancountries from 2013 to 2022, we find that firms located in more climate-vulnerable countriesexhibit significantly higher market volatility. The results are robust across alternative measures,fixed-effects specifications, and endogeneity checks. We further show that this relationship isamplified for financially constrained firms when constraints are measured using theKaplan–Zingales index. Overall, the findings suggest that climate vulnerability primarily mani-fests as heightened market uncertainty and that financial frictions play a key role in transmittingmacro-level climate risk to firm-level market volatility. PB Elsevier SN 1544-6123 YR 2026 FD 2026 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82692 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82692 LA eng NO Finance Research Letters, 2026, vol. 92, p. 109598 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 26-mar-2026