RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Activating Specific Handball’s Defensive Motor Behaviors in Young Female Players: A Non-Linear Approach A1 Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián A1 Farías-Valenzuela, Claudio A1 Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio A1 Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano A1 Val Martín, Pablo Del A1 Duclos-Bastias, Daniel A1 Valdivia Moral, Pedro Ángel K1 team sport K1 non-linear pedagogy K1 methodology K1 scholar K1 female K1 58 Pedagogía K1 5801.07 Métodos Pedagógicos AB Traditional models to train and teach young players in team sports assume that athletes learn as linear systems. However, an actual methodology called Non-Linear Pedagogy (NLP) accounts for the fact that the players and the team are complex dynamic systems. Experiences in handball under this methodology are scarce; due to this, an observational study has been conducted with a follow-up, idiographic and multidimensional design, in which 14 female school handball players belonging to four different local teams in Santiago, Chile (age = 15.55 + 0.51) agreed to participate in three special handball training sessions with the use of the NLP methodology where three different constraints were used. Descriptive analysis with the Chi-squared test showed a total of 252 observations where most of the variables were dependent on the constraints (p ≤ 0.001). Frequency showed that mainly “Defense in Line of progression” and “Proximal contact” were the most activated variables, followed by “Harassment” and “Deterrence” for all constraints. However, only constraint 2 highly activated two collective motor behaviors, while the rest only did it with individual motor behaviors. It is concluded that the constraints used in training seem to be effective in activating a group of defensive handball motor behaviors, specifically those that are basic for female school handball players. PB MDPI SN 2227-9067 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82720 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82720 LA eng NO Children, February 2023, vol. 10, n. 3. p. 469 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 13-feb-2026