RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Orchestration Load Indicators and Patterns: In-the-Wild Studies Using Mobile Eye-Tracking A1 Prieto, Luis P. A1 Sharma, Kshitij A1 Kidzinski, Lukasz A1 Dillenbourg, Pierre K1 Orchestration K1 orchestration load K1 eye-tracking K1 cognitive load K1 classroom studies AB Orchestration load is the effort a teacher spends in coordinating multiple activities and learning processes. It has been proposed as a construct to evaluate the usability of learning technologies at the classroom level, in the same way that cognitive load is used as a measure of usability at the individual level. However, so far this notion has remained abstract. In order to ground orchestration load in empirical evidence and study it in a more systematic and detailed manner, we propose a method to quantify it, based on physiological data (concretely, mobile eye-tracking measures), along with human-coded behavioral data. This paper presents the results of applying this method to four exploratory case studies, where four teachers orchestrated technology-enhanced face-to-face lessons with primary, secondary school, and university students. The data from these studies provide a first validation of this method in different conditions, and illustrate how it can be used to understand the effect of different classroom factors on orchestration load. From these studies, we also extract empirical insights about classroom orchestration using technology. PB IEEE YR 2018 FD 2018 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83189 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83189 LA eng NO IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 216-229 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 27-feb-2026