RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Economic Dependence: A New Frontier in EU Competition Law? A1 Tamayo Velasco, Beatriz Jimena K1 Derecho comercial K1 Libre competencia K1 Monopolios K1 Legislación económica K1 Abuso de posición de fuerza en la negociación K1 Artículo 102 del TFUE K1 Ley de Mercados Digitales K1 Dependencia económica K1 Equidad K1 Poder de mercado relativo K1 5603 Derecho Internacional K1 5605.03 Derecho Mercantil AB This paper argues for the recognition of economic dependence as a relevant concept within EU competition law, moving beyond the traditional—yet limited—dominance-based framework of Article 102 TFEU. Comparative analysis shows that this, or an equivalent concept, is already embedded in the domestic competition regimes of several EU Member States, as well as in Japan and South Korea, to address severe imbalances of bargaining power in vertical commercial relationships that may distort the competitive process below the dominance threshold. Whereas the DMA embodies a regulatory response to forms of collective dependence linked to gatekeepers, its limited scope leaves many problematic scenarios unaddressed. In the context of the ongoing evaluation of Regulation 1/2003, introducing economic dependence at EU level would offer a more comprehensive response to contemporary economic power, in line with EU constitutional values, while enhancing internal coherence and promoting normative convergence with like-minded democracies. PB Wiley SN 1351-5993 YR 2026 FD 2026 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83772 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/83772 LA eng NO European Law Journal, 2026 (Online Version of Record) NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 29-mar-2026