TY  - JOUR 
AU  - Igartua, Juan-José
AU  - Ballesteros-Herencia, Carlos A.
AU  - Ballesteros Herencia, Carlos Antonio
PY  - 2026
UR  - https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/82531
AB  - This study investigates the influence of toxic language in hate speech targeting immigrants, particularly through narrative formats like first-person X (Twitter) threads. Hate speech, defined as promotion of hatred based on personal or group...
LA  - eng
PB  - MDPI
KW  - online hate speech
KW  - toxic language
KW  - narrative transportation
KW  - identity fusion
KW  - indirect effects
KW  - social networks
TI  - Hate Speech on Social Media: Unpacking How Toxic Language Fuels Anti-Immigrant Hostility
DO  - 10.3390/socsci15020091
ER  -