El mapa genético de la vid: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Este trabajo que he realizado consistió en llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre los mapas genéticos de la vid y como han ido evolucionando desde el primer mapa que se conoce hasta el último elaborado en la actualidad pasando por los tipos de técnicas utilizadas para su elaboración y la funcionalidad que estos mapas ofrecen a esta especie de estudio que es la vid. Esta revisión aportara además un mayor conocimiento de la vid para su utilización en mejora genética. También se pone de manifiesto en este trabajo los distintos tipos de marcadores genéticos que han intervenido en la creación de estos mapas genéticos.

Although the vine (Vitis vinifera L.) is considered one of the most extensive and economically profitable fruit crops worldwide (OIV, statistics 2017), there is very little genetic knowledge about this plant and very little progress has been made in the breeding of its most representative characteristics and peculiarities, in relation to its adaptive capacities to the different environmental conditions of the environment, to its production parameters or even to the qualities for winemaking. The possibility of having genetic maps saturated is vital, both to know better the genes that are involved in the most relevant characteristics, as well as to be able to identify their location within the chromosomes and even more important, to increase the possibilities of carrying out breeding programmes of these characteristics, either by carrying out the traditional way of crossing and selecting descendants, or with improvement strategies based on genetic engineering or edition through (CRISPR-CAS). The first genetic maps of grapevine were elaborated from the development of molecular markers and they were completed and reconstructed with new informations, as the genetic technologies were advancing and as the needs of the genetic maps evolved. The last and more complete version of the genetic map of the vine was carried out by A. Canaguiera in collaboration with other researchers in 2017, with a very high level of coverage and a depth of 12X of the reference genome. In this work, the genetic maps of the vine are reviewed throughout history, putting in perspective the needs that they cover and the uses of genetic maps in the knowledge and breeding of the vine.