RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Leading proactivity in innovative startups: a moderated mediation model A1 Martínez Corcoles, Mario A1 Zhu, Xi K1 Proactivity K1 Innovation/Technology Management K1 Innovaciones Tecnológicas K1 Start-Ups/Venture Capital K1 Uncertainty K1 Attitude (Psychology) K1 Relaciones laborales K1 Sustainability Management AB Despite the growing research interest in proactivity, little is known about the relational mechanisms that cultivate individuals’ proactivity in the workplace. This research aims to explore the leader–follower relational mechanisms leading to employee proactive performance in innovative startups. The sample consisted of 83 employees from eleven startups. Conditional process modeling was conducted to explore the background relational mechanisms of employee proactive performance. Employees with upward psychological safety (who felt safe to speak up and contribute in front of their leaders) were willing to go beyond their formal roles and job descriptions for the sake of the firm (challenging role orientation). In turn, this orientation predicted self-directed efforts and initiated better ways of doing their job (proactive performance). Under high levels of perceived uncertainty, upward psychological safety was a stronger predictor of proactive performance through a challenging role orientation. This study reveals that upward psychological safety is critical for enhancing employee proactivity at work, particularly under high uncertainty. PB MDPI SN 2071-1050 YR 2020 FD 2020 LK https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/58835 UL https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/58835 LA eng NO Sustainability, 2020, Vol. 12, Nº. 23, 9878 NO Producción Científica DS UVaDOC RD 03-jun-2024