Applications of supercritical technologies to CO2 reduction: Catalyst development and process intensification

Abstract

Our economy relies on fossil fuels that can be converted into energy and chemicals, but this model is endangered by depletion of resources and environmental problems. To solve this dilemma, we can find inspiration in photosynthetic organisms that consider CO2 as a carbon source and not as waste. CO2 utilization processes have experienced a considerable development, but they still face important limitations, regarding complexity, productivity and cost. To overcome these limitations, research is being carried out in the development of catalysts with enhanced activity and durability, and on process intensification and optimization of the energy delivery to the system. In this article, the applications of supercritical fluids in this important research field are reviewed, focusing on CO2 reduction processes by photocatalytic, electrochemical or hydrothermal methods Two key research areas are described: the development of catalysts with supercritical fluid processes, and reactor intensification by application of pressurized conditions and supercritical fluids.