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dc.contributor.authorCastro Carranza, Carlos de 
dc.contributor.authorCapellán Pérez, Iñigo 
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-22T09:53:16Z
dc.date.available2020-06-22T09:53:16Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationEnergies 2020, 13, 3036;es
dc.identifier.urihttp://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/41059
dc.descriptionProducción Científicaes
dc.description.abstractWhether renewable energy sources (RES) will provide sufficient energy surplus to entirely power complex modern societies is under discussion. We contribute to this debate by estimating the current global average energy return on energy invested (EROI) for the five RES technologies with the highest potential of electricity generation from the comprehensive and internally consistent estimations of their material requirements at three distinct energy system boundaries: standard farm-gate (EROIst), final at consumer point-of-use (EROIfinal), and extended (including indirect investments, EROIext). EROIst levels found fall within the respective literature ranges. Expanding the boundaries closer to the system level, we find that only large hydroelectricity would currently have a high EROIext ~ 6.5:1, while the rest of variable RES would be below 3:1: onshore wind (2.9:1), offshore wind (2.3:1), solar Photovoltaic (PV) (1.8:1), and solar Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) (<1:1). These results indicate that, very likely, the global average EROIext levels of variable RES are currently below those of fossil fuel-fired electricity. It remains unknown if technological improvements will be able to compensate for factors, which will become increasingly important as the variable RES scale-up. Hence, without dynamically accounting for the evolution of the EROI of the system, the viability of sustainable energy systems cannot be ensured, especially for modern societies pursuing continuous economic growthes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfes
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherMDPIes
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subject.classificationEnergy Return on Energy Invested (EROI)es
dc.titleStandard, Point of Use, and Extended Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) from Comprehensive Material Requirements of Present Global Wind, Solar, and Hydro Power Technologieses
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en13123036es
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3036es
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage3036es
dc.identifier.publicationissue12es
dc.identifier.publicationtitleEnergieses
dc.identifier.publicationvolume13es
dc.peerreviewedSIes
dc.description.projectMEDEAS project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment no. 691287es
dc.description.projectLOCOMOTION project, funded by the EuropeanUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeunder grant agreement no. 821105es
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/691287
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/821105
dc.identifier.essn1996-1073es
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional*
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones
dc.subject.unesco5312.05 Energíaes


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