La tutela del puesto de trabajo de las trabajadoras embarazadas

Abstract

La desigualdad entre sexos existente en diversos ámbitos, tiene unos efectos especialmente nocivos en el ámbito laboral. Las dificultades para acceder a un puesto de trabajo o para poder progresar dentro de la empresa son un hecho, máxime cuanto se trata de una mujer embarazada. En este caso, se combina una doble discriminación: por ser mujer y por hallarse en estado de gravidez. En los últimos decenios se viene luchando, afortunadamente, contra estas desigualdades. Sin embargo, lo que disponen las normas internacionales, comunitarias y nacionales no siempre se corresponde con la realidad. La protección normativa de la mujer en estado de gravidez necesita implementarse a través de la jurisprudencia. En esta investigación afrontamos, precisamente, el objetivo de ofrecer una panorámica legislativa y jurisprudencial de la tutela de la mujer embarazada. En otras palabras, examinamos el marco normativo que protege a la mujer embarazada, así como los pronunciamientos judiciales más decisivos en la interpretación y aplicación de la normativa internacional, comunitaria y nacional que protege a la mujer embarazada.

The inequality between existing sexes in various changes, has especially harmful effects in the workplace. The difficulties to access a job or to progress within the company are a fact, especially when it comes to a pregnant woman. In this case, a double discrimination is combined: for being a woman and for being in a state of gravity. The rights of pregnant women usually conflict with the interests of the employer, who may be more productive in hiring men. Fortunately, these inequalities have been struggling, fortunately. In the International Community, through Agreements, and especially in the community environment, especially proactive through Directives aimed at guarding pregnant women, various corrective norms of this double discrimination of origin suffered by pregnant women have been adopted. However, what is provided by international, community and national norms does not always correspond to reality. The normative protection of women in a state of gravity needs to be implemented through jurisprudence. In this investigation, we specifically face the objective of offering a legislative and jurisprudential overview of the guardianship of the pregnant woman. In other words, we examine the regulatory framework that protects the pregnant judge, as well as the most decisive judicial pronouncements in the interpretation and application of international, community and national regulations that protect pregnant women.