Transmetalation reactions triggered by electron transfer between organocopper complexes

Abstract

[Cu(bipy)(C6F5)] reacts with most aryl iodides to form heterobiphenyls by cross-coupling, but when Rf–I is used (Rf = 3,5-dicholoro-2,4,6-trifluorophenyl), homocoupling products are also formed. Kinetic studies suggest that, for the homocoupling reaction, a mechanism based on transmetalation from [Cu(bipy)(C6F5)] to Cu(III) intermediates formed in the oxidative addition step is at work. Density functional theory calculations show that the interaction between these Cu(III) species and the starting Cu(I) complex involves a Cu(I)–Cu(III) electron transfer concerted with the formation of an iodine bridge between the metals and that a fast transmetalation takes place in a dimer in a triplet state between two Cu(II) units.