Development of a bioelectronic tongue modified with gold nanoparticles for dairy analysis

Abstract

The objective of this work was to create an all-solid-state potentiometric bioelectronic tongue with an array of polymeric membrane-based sensors, which could then be used in the dairy sector. Membranes were modified with gold nanoparticles, and enzymes were covalently linked to the sensor’s surface to create an array of sensors with greater sensitivity. The responses of the sensors modified with gold nanoparticles and covalently associated enzymes, showed higher sensitivities. Moreover, the developed bioelectronic tongue was able to perform the discrimination of milks with different nutritional characteristics by applying principal component analysis. In addition, the results obtained showed that by applying partial least squares analysis, the system could be used as a prediction system for different chemical parameters (such as acidity, proteins, lactose, etc.).